MySQLStudy——数据行 详细操作

数据行的操作

增

insert into 表名 (列名1, 列名2,) values(值1, 值2);
insert into 表名 (列名1, 列名2,) values(值1, 值2),(值1,值2),(值n,值n);

insert into 表名 (列名1, 列名2,) select 列名1, 列名2 from 表名;

删除

delete from 表名; 

delete from 表名 where id > 10
delete from 表名 where id < 10
delete from 表名 where id <= 10
delete from 表名 where id >= 10
delete from 表名 where id != 10 
delete from 表名 where id = 10 and name='xxx'; and : 并且 两个条件都必须要成立
delete from 表名 where id = 10 or name='xxx'; or : 或者 只要满足一个条件成立

修改

update 表名 set name='zekai', age=23 where id > 10;

查询

基本

select * from 表名;
select name , age from 表名;

高级

a. where 条件查询:
select * from 表名 where id=10;
select * from 表名 where id >10 and id<15;
select * from 表名 where id > 10;
!= : 不等与
>= <= 


between and: 闭区间 
select * from t4 where id between 9 and 12;

in: 在某一个集合中
select * from t4 where id in (9,10,11....);


select * from t4 where id in (select id from t3 where id between 2 and 4)

是可以这样使用的, 但是不建议大家使用;

b. 通配符:
select * from 表 where name like 'ale%' - ale开头的所有（多个字符串）
select * from 表 where name like 'ale_' - ale开头的所有（一个字符）

c. 限制取几条:


select * from 表名 limit 索引偏移量, 取出多少条数据;


select * from t3 limit 0, 10; 第一页
select * from t3 limit 10, 10; 第二页

page = input('page:')

page 索引偏移量 数据量(offset)
1 0 10
2 10 10
3 20 10
4 30 10

page (page-1)*offset offset

分页核心SQL:

select * from t3 limit (page-1)*offset, offset;

d. 排序:

order by

降序:
select * from t4 order by 列名 desc; descending

升序:
select * from t4 order by 列名 asc; ascending


多列:

create table t7(

id int auto_increment primary key,
num int not null default 0,
age int not null default 0
)charset=utf8;

insert into t7 (num, age) values (2, 12),(3,13),(4, 12);

select * from t4 order by num desc, name asc;

如果前一列的值相等的话, 会按照后一列的值进行进一步的排序.

e. 分组

select age, 聚合函数(count(num)/sum(num)/max(num)/min(num)/avg(num)) from 表名 group by 列名;


select age, avg(num) from t7 group by age;

select age, count(num) from t7 group by age;

select age, count(num) as cnt from t7 group by age; 显示别名 as

having的二次删选:
select age, count(num) as cnt from t7 group by age having cnt>1;

where 和 having的区别:
1). having与where类似,可筛选数据
2). where针对表中的列发挥作用,查询数据
3). having针对查询结果中的列发挥作用,二次筛选数据, 和group by配合使用

f. 连表操作
select * from userinfo, department; (笛卡尔积)

select * from userinfo, department where userinfo.depart_id=department.id;

左连接:

select * from userinfo left join department on userinfo.depart_id=department.id;
左边的表全部显示, 右边没有用到不显示

右连接:

select * from userinfo right join department on userinfo.depart_id=department.id;
右边的表全部显示, 左边没关联的用null表示

内连接: 
左右两边的数据都会显示
select * from 表名 inner join 表名 on 链接条件; 
select * from emp inner join dep on emp.dep_id = dep.id;

ps: 
a.只需要记住左连接 left join

b.可以连接多张表 通过某一个特定的条件

注意查询的顺序:
select name,sum(score) from 表 where id > 10 group by score having age> 12 order by age desc limit 2, 1;