设置mysql默认字符集_MySQL之修改默认引擎和字符集

一、数据库引擎

1.1 查看数据库引擎

mysql> show engines;

+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |

+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |

| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |

| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |

| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |

| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |

| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |

| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |

| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |

| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |

+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到默认引擎是 InnoDB。

1.2 修改默认数据库引擎

1.打开配置文件

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

2.在最下面编辑如下内容：

default-storage-engine=InnoDB

3.重启服务

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

二、数据库字符集

2.1 查看字符集

查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集

mysql> show variables like '%character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | latin1 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

字符集

作用

character_set_client

用来设置客户端使用的字符集。

character_set_connection

用来设置连接数据库时的字符集

character_set_database

用来设置默认创建数据库的编码格式

character_set_filesystem

文件系统的编码格式，把操作系统上的文件名转化成此字符集，默认binary是不做任何转换的

character_set_results

查询结果字符集

character_set_server

服务器安装时指定的默认编码格式

character_set_system

系统元数据(字段名等)字符集

character_sets_dir

字符集安装的目录

查看 MYSQL 所支持的字符集

show charset;

查看库的字符集

show database status from 库名 like 表名;

查看表的字符集

show table status from 库名 like 表名;

查看表中所有列的字符集

show full columns from 表名;

2.2 修改字符集

1.打开配置文件

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

2.在最下面编辑如下内容：

character-set-server=utf8

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

3.重启服务并验证

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

[root@VM_0_15_centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like '%character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)