只要做开发的,肯定创建过表,表字段用什么类型,长度是多少等。感觉没什么要说的,可是归纳总结一下,还有东西可说的。
1,整型类型
数据类型
有符号
无符号
存储
bigint
-2^63 (-9223372036854775808) 到 2^63-1 (9223372036854775807)
0 到 2^64-1 (18446744073709551615)
8 字节
int
-2^31 (-2147483648) 到 2^31-1 (2147483647)
0 到 2^32-1 (4294967295)
4 字节
mediumint
-2^31 (-8388608) 到 2^23-1 (8388607)
0 到 2^24-1 (16777215)
3 字节
smallint
-2^15 (-32768) 到 2^15-1 (32767)
0 到 2^16-1 (65535)
2 字节
tinyint
-2^7 (-127) 到 2^7-1 (127)
0 到 2^8-1 (255)
1 字节
知道类型的范围值对我们有帮助的,例如,如果用tinyint,该字段的最大值不会超过255,把字段设置成tinyint(10),有符号的情况下,最大只能是127,表面上看好像是可以存入10位,而实际只能存入3位数。
根据要存数字大小,来选择不同的数据类型,例如,如果是标识位,一般情况设置为tinyint(1),最合适,存储小,又不会存不进去。
2,实例说明
MariaDB [test]> CREATE TABLE `test` (
-> `big_test` bigint(20) DEFAULT 0,
-> `int_test` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
-> `medium_test` mediumint(8) DEFAULT 0,
-> `small_test` smallint(6) DEFAULT 0,
-> `tiny_test` tinyint(4) DEFAULT 0
-> ) ENGINE=myisam DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
MariaDB [test]> INSERT INTO test (big_test, int_test, medium_test, small_test, tiny_test) VALUES (9223372036854775807, 2147483647, 8388607, 32767, 127);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> select * from test;
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| big_test | int_test | medium_test | small_test | tiny_test |
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 |
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> INSERT INTO test (big_test, int_test, medium_test, small_test, tiny_test) VALUES (9223372036854775807, 2147483647, 8388607, 32767, 128);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) //128超过了,有符号tinyint的最大值,报了warning出来,但是还是入库了。
MariaDB [test]> select * from test;
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| big_test | int_test | medium_test | small_test | tiny_test |
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 |
| 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 |
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> ALTER TABLE `test` CHANGE `tiny_test` `tiny_test` TINYINT( 10 ) NULL DEFAULT '0';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 //将长度改为10,没报错
MariaDB [test]> INSERT INTO test (big_test, int_test, medium_test, small_test, tiny_test) VALUES (9223372036854775807, 2147483647, 8388607, 32767, 128);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) //在插入数据,一样报warning,但还是入库
MariaDB [test]> select * from test;
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| big_test | int_test | medium_test | small_test | tiny_test |
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 |
| 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 |
| 9223372036854775807 | 2147483647 | 8388607 | 32767 | 127 |
+---------------------+------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)