python中如何生成列表_如何在Python中生成列表的所有排列

从Python 2.6开始(如果你使用Python 3)，你有一个标准库工具：

itertools.permutations。

如果你使用一个旧的Python(<2.6)因某种原因或只是想知道它是如何工作的，这里是一个很好的方法，从http://code.activestate.com/recipes/252178/：

def all_perms(elements):

if len(elements) <=1:

yield elements

else:

for perm in all_perms(elements[1:]):

for i in range(len(elements)):

# nb elements[0:1] works in both string and list contexts

yield perm[:i] + elements[0:1] + perm[i:]

在itertools.permutations的文档中列出了几种替代方法。这里有一个：

def permutations(iterable, r=None):

# permutations('ABCD', 2) --> AB AC AD BA BC BD CA CB CD DA DB DC

# permutations(range(3)) --> 012 021 102 120 201 210

pool = tuple(iterable)

n = len(pool)

r = n if r is None else r

if r > n:

return

indices = range(n)

cycles = range(n, n-r, -1)

yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])

while n:

for i in reversed(range(r)):

cycles[i] -= 1

if cycles[i] == 0:

indices[i:] = indices[i+1:] + indices[i:i+1]

cycles[i] = n - i

else:

j = cycles[i]

indices[i], indices[-j] = indices[-j], indices[i]

yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r])

break

else:

return

另一个，基于itertools.product：

def permutations(iterable, r=None):

pool = tuple(iterable)

n = len(pool)

r = n if r is None else r

for indices in product(range(n), repeat=r):

if len(set(indices)) == r:

yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)