java中的isinarray_(3条消息)[Java] ArrayList 类

java.util.ArrayList

从书中各种代码来看,java.util.ArrayList 是非常重要的一个类,在代码中广泛使用,E表示泛型,ArrayList是一个泛型类。

ArrayList相当于C++ 的vector,用于存储对象。与数组不同,数组一旦创建,长度固定,但是ArrayList的长度是动态的,不受限制,可以存储任意多的对象,但是只能存储对象,不能存储原生数据类型例如int。

java.util.ArrayList < E > 的一些方法

描述

+ArrayList()

构造函数,创建一个空的列表, size为0

+add(o: E): void

在list的末尾添加一个元素o

+add(index: int, o: E): void

在指定的index处插入元素o

+clear(): void

从list中删除所有元素

+contains(o: Object): boolean

如果list含有元素o,返回true

+get(index: int): E

返回指定index处的元素

+indexOf(o: Object): int

返回list中第一个匹配元素的index

+isEmpty(): boolean

如果list不含元素,返回true

+lastIndexOf(o: Object): int

返回list中最后一个匹配元素的index

+remove(o: Object): boolean

删除list中的第一个元素o,如果元素被删除,返回true

+size(): int

返回list中元素个数

+remove(index: int): boolean

删除指定index处的元素,如果元素被删除,返回true

+set(index: int, o: E): E

设置指定index处的元素为o

数组和ArrayList的比较

操作

Array

ArrayList

创建 array/ArrayList

String[] a = new String[10]

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

访问一个元素

a[index]

list.get(index);

更新一个元素

a[index] = “London”;

list.set(index, “London”);

返回大小

a.length

list.size();

排序

java.util.Arrays.sort(array)

java.util.Collections.sort(arraylist)

添加一个新元素

相当复杂

list.add(“London”);

插入一个新元素

相当复杂

list.add(index, “London”);

删除一个元素

相当复杂

list.remove(index);

删除一个元素

相当复杂

list.remove(Object);

删除所有元素

list.clear();

创建一个存储字符串的ArrayList对象:

ArrayList cities = new ArrayList();

创建一个存储日期的ArrayList对象:

ArrayList dates = new ArrayList ();

JDK 7 之后,下述表达式

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

可以简化为:

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

因为编译器有一个新的feature叫做类型推断(type inference), 能够从变量声明推断类型。

例1

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class TestArrayList {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create a list to store cities

ArrayList cityList = new ArrayList();

// Add some cities in the list

cityList.add("London");

// cityList now contains [London]

cityList.add("Denver");

// cityList now contains [London, Denver]

cityList.add("Paris");

// cityList now contains [London, Denver, Paris]

cityList.add("Miami");

// cityList now contains [London, Denver, Paris, Miami]

cityList.add("Seoul");

// Contains [London, Denver, Paris, Miami, Seoul]

cityList.add("Tokyo");

// Contains [London, Denver, Paris, Miami, Seoul, Tokyo]

System.out.println("List size? " + cityList.size()); // 6

System.out.println("Is Miami in the list? " + cityList.contains("Miami")); // true

System.out.println("The location of Denver in the list? " + cityList.indexOf("Denver")); // 1 返回索引,如果不在list中,返回-1

System.out.println("Is the list empty? " + cityList.isEmpty()); // Print false

// Insert a new city at index 2

cityList.add(2, "Xian");

// Contains [London, Denver, Xian, Paris, Miami, Seoul, Tokyo]

// Remove a city from the list

cityList.remove("Miami");

// Contains [London, Denver, Xian, Paris, Seoul, Tokyo]

// Remove a city at index 1

cityList.remove(1);

// Contains [London, Xian, Paris, Seoul, Tokyo]

// Display the contents in the list

System.out.println(cityList.toString());

// Display the contents in the list in reverse order

for (int i = cityList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)

System.out.print(cityList.get(i) + " ");

System.out.println();

// Create a list to store two circles

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

// Add two circles

list.add(new CircleFromSimpleGeometricObject(2));

list.add(new CircleFromSimpleGeometricObject(3));

// Display the area of the first circle in the list

System.out.println("The area of the circle? " + list.get(0).getArea());

}

}

其中System.out.println(cityList.toString()); 等同于 System.out.println(cityList);

toString()方法返回列表的字符串表示,形式为 [e0.toString(), e1.toString(), ..., ek.toString()],e0, e1, . . . ,和 ek 都是列表中的元素。

由于ArrayList只能存储对象,不能存储原生数据类型数据,下面的代码是错误的:

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>(); 错误!!!!!

只能写成:

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

例2

用户输入一个数字序列,假定输入以0结尾,且0不计入数字序列,打印序列中不重复的数字:

package TEST_ALL;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DistinctNumbers {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter integers (input ends with 0): ");

int value;

do {

value = input.nextInt(); // Read a value from the input

if (!list.contains(value) && value != 0)

list.add(value); // Add the value if it is not in the list

} while (value != 0);

// Display the distinct numbers

for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

System.out.print(list.get(i) + " ");

}

}

运行结果:

Enter integers (input ends with 0): 2 32 3 1 2 3 2 9 0

2 32 3 1 9

可以用下列 foreach 循环遍历一个array list:

for (elementType element: arrayList) {

// Process the element

}

例如上例中的语句:

for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

System.out.print(list.get(i) + " ");

可以改写为:

for (int number: list)

System.out.print(number + " ");

书后的练习

我做的答案:

11.30 How do you do the following?

a. Create an ArrayList for storing double values?

ArrayList list_double = new ArrayList();`

b. Append an object to a list?

Double o = new Double(11);

list_double.add(o);

c. Insert an object at the beginning of a list?

Double o = new Double(11);

list_double.add(0, o);

d. Find the number of objects in a list?

list_double.size();

e. Remove a given object from a list?

Double o = new Double(11);

while(list_double.contains(o))

list_double.remove(o);

f. Remove the last object from the list?

list_double.remove(list_double.size() - 1);

g. Check whether a given object is in a list?

Double o = new Double(11);

if (list_double.contains(o))

System.out.print("Y");

else

System.out.print("N");

h. Retrieve an object at a specified index from a list?

int index = 111;

list_double.get(index);

11.31 Identify the errors in the following code.

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add("Denver");

list.add("Austin");

list.add(new java.util.Date()); # 错误,元素数据类型必须一致,不能改成Date

String city = list.get(0);

list.set(3, "Dallas"); #

System.out.println(list.get(3)); # 错误,index 超出 size

list.set(3, "Dallas"); 和list.get(3)都是错的,You cannot use the get(index) and set(index, element) methods if the element is not in the list. 看源代码,get 和 set 都有RangeCheck(index); 这个函数:

private void RangeCheck(int index) {

if (index >= size)

throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);

}

11.32 Suppose the ArrayList list contains {"Dallas", "Dallas", "Houston", "Dallas"}.What is the list after invoking list.remove("Dallas")one time?

Does the following code correctly remove all elements with value "Dallas" from

the list? If not, correct the code.

for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

list.remove("Dallas");

调用一次list.remove("Dallas"), list 变为 { "Dallas", "Houston", "Dallas"},

code不能完全删除 "Dallas",因为最后结果是{"House", "Dallas"}, 应该改成:

while(list.contains("Dallas"))

list.remove("Dallas");

11.33 Explain why the following code displays [1, 3] rather than [2, 3].

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add(1);

list.add(2);

list.add(3);

list.remove(1);

System.out.println(list);

因为remove方法有两种签名:list.remove(Object),list.remove(index); 此处调用的是第二种,如果要删除第一个元素,必须改成list.remove((Integer)1).

(这里不是特别理解)

11.34 Explain why the following code is wrong.

ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add(1);

错误是因为, 1 为整型,与 Double 类型不符,必须改成 1.0.

也不能改为list.add((Double)1), 否则会显示 inconvertible type 的错误.

[1] Introduction to Java Programming 10th edition Chapter 11.11

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