c语言库函数itof,C语言标准库函数 qsort 详解

qsort包含在头文件中，此函数根据你给的比较条件进行快速排序，通过指针移动实现排序。排序之后的结果仍然放在原数组中。使用qsort函数必须自己写一个比较函数。

函数原型：

void qsort ( void * base, size_t

num, size_t size, int ( * comparator ) ( const void *, const void *

) );

用法以及参数说明：

Sorts the num elements of the array pointed by base, each

element size bytes long, using the comparator function to determine

the order.

The sorting algorithm used by this function compares pairs of

values by calling the specified comparator function with two

pointers to elements of the array.

The function does not return any value, but modifies the content

of the array pointed by base reordering its elements to the newly

sorted order.

base Pointer to the first element of the array

to be sorted.(数组起始地址)

num Number of elements in the array pointed by

base.(数组元素个数)

size Size in bytes of each element in the

array.(每一个元素的大小)

comparator Function that compares two

elements.(函数指针，指向比较函数)

1、The function must accept two parameters that are pointers to

elements, type-casted as void*. These parameters should be cast

back to some data type and be compared.

2、The return value of this function should represent whether elem1

is considered less than, equal to, or greater than elem2 by

returning, respectively, a negative value, zero or a positive

value.

Return Value none (无返回值)

一、对int类型数组排序

int num[100];

int cmp ( const void *a , const

void *b )

{

return *(int *)a - *(int *)b;

}

qsort(num,100,sizeof(num[0]),cmp);

二、对char类型数组排序(同int类型)

char word[100];

int cmp( const void *a , const void

*b )

{

return *(char *)a - *(int *)b;

}

qsort(word,100,sizeof(word[0]),cmp);

三、对double类型数组排序

double in[100];

int cmp( const void *a , const void

*b )

{

return *(double *)a > *(double *)b ? 1 : -1;

}

qsort(in,100,sizeof(in[0]),cmp);

四、对结构体一级排序

struct Sample

{

double data;

int other;

}s[100]

//按照data的值从小到大将结构体排序

int cmp( const void *a ,const void

*b)

{

return (*(Sample *)a).data > (*(Sample *)b).data ? 1

: -1;

}

qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);

五、对结构体二级排序

struct Sample

{

int x;

int y;

}s[100];

//按照x从小到大排序，当x相等时按照y从大到小排序

int cmp( const void *a , const void

*b )

{

struct Sample *c = (Sample *)a;

struct Sample *d = (Sample *)b;

if(c->x != d->x) return

c->x - d->x;

else return d->y - c->y;

}

qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);

六、对字符串进行排序

struct Sample

{

int data;

char str[100];

}s[100];

//按照结构体中字符串str的字典顺序排序

int cmp ( const void *a , const

void *b )

{

return strcmp( (*(Sample *)a)->str , (*(Sample

*)b)->str );

}

qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);

附加一个完整点的代码，对字符串二维数组排序：

#include

#include

#include

char s[2001][1001];

int cmp(const void *a, const void

*b){

return

strcmp((char *)a,(char *)b);

}

int main(){

int

i,n;

scanf("%d",&n);

getchar();

for(i=0;i

qsort(s,n,1001*sizeof(char),cmp);

for(i=0;i

return

0;

}