mysql字符集maxlen_MySQL 数据库字符集的查看与设置

一、查看 MySQL 数据库服务器和数据库字符集

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

| Variable_name            | Value                               |......

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

| character_set_client     | utf8                                |......   -- 客户端字符集

| character_set_connection | utf8                                |......

| character_set_database   | utf8                                |......   -- 数据库字符集

| character_set_filesystem | binary                              |......

| character_set_results    | utf8                                |......

| character_set_server     | utf8                                |......   -- 服务器字符集

| character_set_system     | utf8                                |......

| character_sets_dir       | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

二、查看 MySQL 数据表(table) 的字符集

mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

| Name      | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation       |......

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

| countries | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |   11 | utf8_general_ci |......

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

三、查看 MySQL 数据列(column)的字符集

mysql> show full columns from countries;

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

| Field                | Type        | Collation       | .......

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

| countries_id         | int(11)     | NULL            | .......

| countries_name       | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......

| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)     | utf8_general_ci | .......

| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)     | utf8_general_ci | .......

| address_format_id    | int(11)     | NULL            | .......

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

四、查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集

mysql> show charset;

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| Charset | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |

| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |

| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |

| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |

| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |

| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |

| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |

| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |

| ascii    | US ASCII                    | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |

| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese             | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |

| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese          | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |

| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew           | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |

| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                 | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |

| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean               | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |

| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian            | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |

| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese   | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |

| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek            | greek_general_ci    |      1 |

| cp1250   | Windows Central European    | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |

| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese      | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |

| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |

| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian          | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |

| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |

| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode               | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |

| cp866    | DOS Russian                 | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |

| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci |      1 |

| macce    | Mac Central European        | macce_general_ci    |      1 |

| macroman | Mac West European           | macroman_general_ci |      1 |

| cp852    | DOS Central European        | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |

| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |

| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic            | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |

| cp1256   | Windows Arabic              | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |

| cp1257   | Windows Baltic              | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |

| binary   | Binary pseudo charset       | binary              |      1 |

| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian            | geostd8_general_ci |      1 |

| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese   | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |

| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese   | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，适用于 Windows & Linux

Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：

1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置

find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf

my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf，其中的一个到/etc下命名为my.cnf

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

4.重新启动MySQL

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

Shutting down MySQL                                         [ 确定 ]

Starting MySQL.                                                  [ 确定 ]

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

其他的一些设置方法：

修改数据库的字符集

mysql>use mydb

mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

创建数据库指定数据库的字符集

mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通过配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1

default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

为

default-character-set=utf8

default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通过MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看 数据库表中字段的字符集是否为utf8的 如果不是 还要设置字段为utf8格式的！