SpringMVC的异常处理
1. 异常处理思路
系统中异常包括两类:预期异常和运行时异常RuntimeException,前者通过捕获异常从而获取异常信息,后者主要通过规范代码开发、测试通过手段减少运行时异常的发生。 系统的dao、service、controller出现都通过throws Exception向上抛出,最后由springmvc前端控制器交由异常处理器进行异常处理
2. SpringMVC的异常处理
第一步:创建工程
第二步:导入坐标
<!-- 版本锁定 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
第三步:web.xml
<!-- SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数,读取springmvc的配置文件,创建spring容器 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置解决中文乱码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
第四步:springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.controller"/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 设置静态资源不过滤 -->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/> <!-- 样式 -->
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/> <!-- 图片 -->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/> <!-- javascript -->
</beans>
第五步:导入index.jsp
<body>
<a href="user/testException">异常处理</a>
</body>
第六步:导入UserController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(path = "/user")
public class UserController {
// 自定义异常处理
@RequestMapping(path="/testException")
public String testException(){
System.out.println("执行了testException方法!");
int a = 10/0;
return "success";
}
}
导入WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp
<body>
<h1>访问成功!</h1>
</body>
发布到tomcat,测试。
抛出异常:
3. 编写自定义异常类
第一步:编写自定义异常类
创建包com.itheima.exception,创建类SysException.java。
/**
* 自定义异常类
*/
public class SysException extends Exception {
// 异常提示信息
private String message;
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public SysException(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
第二步:编写异常处理器
/**
* 编写异常处理器
*/
public class SysExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
/**
* 跳转到具体的错误页面的方法
*/
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, @Nullable Object o, Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
SysException se = null;
// 获取到异常对象
if(e instanceof SysException) {
se = (SysException) e;
}else {
se = new SysException("请联系管理员");
}
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
// 存入错误的提示信息
mv.addObject("message", se.getMessage());
// 跳转的Jsp页面
mv.setViewName("error");// 跳转到WEB-INF/pages/error.jsp
return mv;
}
}
第三步:配置异常处理器(跳转到错误提示页面)
springmvc.xml
<!-- 配置异常处理器 -->
<bean id="sysExceptionResolver" class="com.itheima.exception.SysExceptionResolver"/>
第四步:修改UserController.java
// 自定义异常处理
@RequestMapping(path="/testException")
public String testException() throws SysException{
System.out.println("执行了testException方法!");
try {
int a = 10/0;
} catch (Exception e) {
// 在控制台打印
e.printStackTrace();
throw new SysException("服务器繁忙,稍后再试...");
}
return "success";
}
第五步:指定error.jsp错误页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>访问失败</h1>
${message}<br>
</body>
</html>
效果: