一 主库
mysql主服务器的正确配置需要指定log-bin、log-bin-index
server-id = 1
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index = master-bin.index
如果使用正确的配置，主机名改变后，即使mysql重启了，主从同步是能够照常进行的。
如不指定的话，binlog文件名就会依赖于主机名，如下配置
server-id = 1
log-bin
例如配置变为：
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0port=3306datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
skip-name-resolve
slow_query_log=on
long_query_time=1slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
innodb-file-per-table=1innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2log_warnings= 1connect_timeout= 60net_read_timeout= 120performance_schema_max_table_instances= 400server-id = 1log-bin #之开启斌log日志，不指定日志名
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
主机名改变会导致binlog文件名改变，binlog文件名改变，主从同步会出问题，多台从库的话，所有从库都会出问题
[root@master mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@master mysql]# hostnamectl set-hostname mater1
[root@master mysql]# hostname
mater1
[root@master mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@master mysql]# ll
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 3 11:37auto.cnf-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 304 Jul 4 10:27ib_buffer_pool-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 4 10:27ibdata1-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 4 10:27ib_logfile0-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 3 11:37ib_logfile1-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 4 10:27ibtmp1-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 1984 Jul 4 10:25 master-bin.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 177 Jul 4 10:27 master-bin.000002
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 40 Jul 4 10:25 master-bin.index-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 154 Jul 4 10:27 mater1-bin.000001 #改变之后的日志名
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 20 Jul 4 10:27 mater1-bin.index
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 3 11:37mysql-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 890 Jul 4 10:27 mysql-slow.log
srwxrwxrwx.1 mysql mysql 0 Jul 4 10:27mysql.sock-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 6 Jul 4 10:27mysql.sock.lock
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 3 11:37performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 3 11:37 sys
查看slave的状态
mysql>show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host:192.168.132.121Master_User: replication
Master_Port:3306Connect_Retry:60Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002Read_Master_Log_Pos:154Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000005Relay_Log_Pos:369Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:154Relay_Log_Space:737Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:1236Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file' #错误信息Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:1Master_UUID: 77278e78-9da8-11e9-bc6c-000c2991dd19
Master_Info_File:/data/mysql/master.infoSQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waitingfor moreupdates
Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:190704 10:28:05Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position:0Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
主端创建库
mysql>create database darren;
Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)
mysql>use darren;
Database changed
mysql> create table test (id int);
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
测试shell脚本，一直在主库插入数据
[root@master mysql]# while true ; do mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'use darren;insert into test values (1);'; sleep 1; done
演示主从同步失败
Last_IO_Errno: 1236
Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
处理方法
stop slave; #停止同步
reset slave; #重置slave，这个操作会使用slave的配置丢失，由于binlog文件名改变了，所以slave得重新配置
#从新binlog的第一个binlog文件+第一个位置
主端信息：
mysql>show master logs;+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| mater1-bin.000001 | 10330 |
+-------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> show binlog events in 'mater1-bin.000001';+-------------------+-------+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+-------------------+-------+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| mater1-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mater1-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | |
| mater1-bin.000001 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' |
......
| mater1-bin.000001 | 10136 | Query | 1 | 10210 | BEGIN |
| mater1-bin.000001 | 10210 | Table_map | 1 | 10259 | table_id: 108 (darren.test) |
| mater1-bin.000001 | 10259 | Write_rows | 1 | 10299 | table_id: 108 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mater1-bin.000001 | 10299 | Xid | 1 | 10330 | COMMIT /*xid=209*/ |
+-------------------+-------+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
196 rows in set (0.00 sec)
日志的第一个位置4
从端配置
mysql>stop slave;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)
mysql>reset slave;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.01sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.132.121',master_port=3306,master_user='replication',master_password='1234567',master_log_file='mater1-bin.000001',master_log_pos=4;
Query OK,0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01sec)
mysql>start slave;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)
mysql>show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waitingformaster to send event
Master_Host:192.168.132.121Master_User: replication
Master_Port:3306Connect_Retry:60Master_Log_File: mater1-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos:10330Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002Relay_Log_Pos:10545Relay_Master_Log_File: mater1-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:10330Relay_Log_Space:10746Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:1Master_UUID: 77278e78-9da8-11e9-bc6c-000c2991dd19
Master_Info_File:/data/mysql/master.infoSQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waitingfor moreupdates
Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position:0Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:1 row in set (0.00 sec)
验证数据
mysql>show databases;+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| darren |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00sec)
mysql>use darren;
Database changed
mysql>show tables;+------------------+
| Tables_in_darren |
+------------------+
| test |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00sec)
mysql> select *from test;+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
验证成功
二 从库
mysql从库正确的配置需要指定relay-log、relay-log-index
server-id = 2
relay-log = relay-log
relay-log-index = relay-log.index
如果是使用正确的配置，从库重启的话，主从同步能够照常进行。
没指定relay-log、relay-log-index
默认依赖于主机名，主机名改变，有发生mysql重启，重启后主从同步失败
配置如下：
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0port=3306datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
skip-name-resolve
slow_query_log=on
long_query_time=1slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
innodb-file-per-table=1innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2log_warnings= 1connect_timeout= 60net_read_timeout= 120performance_schema_max_table_instances= 400server-id = 2[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
[root@slave ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname slave1
[root@slave ~]# hostname
slave1
[root@slave ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@slave ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@slave mysql]# ll
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 3 11:56auto.cnf
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 52 Jul 4 10:41darren-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 416 Jul 4 10:58ib_buffer_pool-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 4 11:00ibdata1-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 4 11:00ib_logfile0-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 3 11:56ib_logfile1-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 4 11:00ibtmp1-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 139 Jul 4 11:00 master.infodrwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 3 11:56mysql-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 530 Jul 4 11:00 mysql-slow.log
srwxrwxrwx.1 mysql mysql 0 Jul 4 11:00mysql.sock-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 4 11:00mysql.sock.lock
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 3 11:56performance_schema-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 201 Jul 4 10:41 relay-log.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 10568 Jul 4 10:58 relay-log.000002
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Jul 4 10:41 relay-log.index-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 58 Jul 4 10:58 relay-log.info
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 177 Jul 4 11:00 slave1-relay-bin.000001 #新的日志名
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 26 Jul 4 11:00 slave1-relay-bin.index
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 3 11:56 sys
进入数据库
mysql>start slave;
ERROR1872 (HY000): Slave failed to initialize relay log infostructure from the repository
mysql>show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host:192.168.132.121Master_User: replication
Master_Port:3306Connect_Retry:60Master_Log_File: mater1-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos:10330Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002Relay_Log_Pos:10545Relay_Master_Log_File: mater1-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:1872Last_Error: Slave failed to initialize relay loginfostructure from the repository
Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:10330Relay_Log_Space:0Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:1872Last_SQL_Error: Slave failed to initialize relay loginfostructure from the repository
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:0Master_UUID: 77278e78-9da8-11e9-bc6c-000c2991dd19
Master_Info_File:/data/mysql/master.infoSQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:190704 11:02:52Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position:0Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Last_Errno: 1872
Last_Error: Slave failed to initialize relay log info structure from the repository
解决方案
需要记录当前主从同步的位置信息，一定得记录，不然同步的数据就会不全
Master_Log_File: mater1-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 10330
模拟主库正在写数据
[root@master mysql]# while true ; do mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'use darren;insert into test values (1);'; sleep 1; done
从库修复
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.132.121',master_port=3306,master_user='replication',master_password='1234567',master_log_file='mater1-bin.000001',master_log_pos=10330;
mysql>start slave;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.01sec)
mysql>show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waitingformaster to send event
Master_Host:192.168.132.121Master_User: replication
Master_Port:3306Connect_Retry:60Master_Log_File: mater1-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos:31050Relay_Log_File: slave1-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos:21041Relay_Master_Log_File: mater1-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:31050Relay_Log_Space:21249Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:1Master_UUID: 77278e78-9da8-11e9-bc6c-000c2991dd19
Master_Info_File:/data/mysql/master.infoSQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waitingfor moreupdates
Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position:0Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
验证数据一致性
主库：
mysql> select *from darren.test;118 rows in set (0.00sec)
从库：
mysql> select *from darren.test;118 rows in set (0.00 sec)
实验完成，回复原有正确配置
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