java线程通讯_Java线程之间通讯（三）

使用wait和notify方法实现了线程间的通讯，都是Object 类的方法，java所有的对象都提供了这两个方法

1.wait和notify必须配合synchronized使用

2.wait方法释放锁，notify方法不释放锁

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class ListAdd1 {

private volatile static List list = new ArrayList();

public void add(){

list.add("laoshi");

}

public int size(){

return list.size();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final ListAdd1 list1 = new ListAdd1();

Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){

list1.add();

System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素..");

Thread.sleep(500);

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}, "t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

while(true){

if(list1.size() == 5){

System.out.println("当前线程收到通知：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " list size = 5 线程停止..");

throw new RuntimeException();

}

}

}

}, "t2");

t1.start();

t2.start();

}

}

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

/**

* wait notfiy 方法，wait释放锁，notfiy不释放锁

*/

public class ListAdd2 {

private volatile static List list = new ArrayList();

public void add(){

list.add("laoshi");

}

public int size(){

return list.size();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final ListAdd2 list2 = new ListAdd2();

// 1 实例化出来一个 lock

// 当使用wait 和 notify 的时候 ， 一定要配合着synchronized关键字去使用

final Object lock = new Object();

final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

synchronized (lock) {

for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){

list2.add();

System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素..");

Thread.sleep(500);

if(list2.size() == 5){

System.out.println("已经发出通知..");

countDownLatch.countDown();

lock.notify();

}

}

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}, "t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

synchronized (lock) {

if(list2.size() != 5){

try {

System.out.println("t2进入...");

lock.wait();

countDownLatch.await();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到通知线程停止..");

throw new RuntimeException();

}

}

}, "t2");

t2.start();

t1.start();

}

}

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class MyQueue {

//1 需要一个承装元素的集合

private LinkedList list=new LinkedList();

//2 需要一个计数器

private AtomicInteger count=new AtomicInteger(0);

//3 需要制定上限和下限

private final int minSize=0;

private final int maxSize ;

//4 构造方法

public MyQueue(int size){

this.maxSize = size;

}

//5 初始化一个对象 用于加锁

private final Object lock=new Object();

//put(anObject): 把anObject加到BlockingQueue里,如果BlockQueue没有空间,则调用此方法的线程被阻断，

// 直到BlockingQueue里面有空间再继续.

public void put(Object obj){

synchronized (lock){

while (count.get()==this.maxSize){

try {

lock.wait();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

//1 加入元素

list.add(obj);

//2.计数器累加

count.incrementAndGet();

//3 通知另外一个线程(唤醒)

lock.notify();

System.out.println("新加入的元素为:" + obj);

}

}

//take: 取走BlockingQueue里排在首位的对象,若BlockingQueue为空,

// 阻断进入等待状态直到BlockingQueue有新的数据被加入.

public Object take(){

Object ret=null;

synchronized (lock){

while (count.get()==this.minSize){

try {

lock.wait();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

//1 做移除元素操作

ret=list.removeFirst();

//2 计数器递减

count.decrementAndGet();

//3 唤醒另外一个线程

lock.notify();

}

return ret;

}

public int getSize(){

return this.count.get();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final MyQueue mq = new MyQueue(5);

mq.put("a");

mq.put("b");

mq.put("c");

mq.put("d");

mq.put("e");

System.out.println("当前容器的长度:" + mq.getSize());

Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

mq.put("f");

mq.put("g");

}

},"t1");

t1.start();

Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

Object o1 = mq.take();

System.out.println("移除的元素为:" + o1);

Object o2 = mq.take();

System.out.println("移除的元素为:" + o2);

}

},"t2");

try {

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

t2.start();

}

}

ThreadLocal：线程局部变量，是一种多线程间并发访问变量的解决方案，与synchronized枷锁的方式不同，ThreadLocal完全不提供锁，使用以空间换时间的手段，为每个线程提供变量的独立副本，以保证线程安全。

在高并发量或者竞争激烈的场景，使用ThreadLoacal可以一定程度少减少锁竞争。

public class ConnThreadLocal {

public static ThreadLocal th=new ThreadLocal();

public void setTh(String value){

th.set(value);

}

public void getTh(){

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + this.th.get());

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

final ConnThreadLocal ct = new ConnThreadLocal();

Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

ct.setTh("张三");

ct.getTh();

}

}, "t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

Thread.sleep(1000);

ct.getTh();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}, "t2");

t1.start();

t2.start();

}

}

单例模式：最常见的饥饿模式(直接实力化对象)，懒汉模式(在调用方法时进行实例化对象)

在多线程中考虑性能和线程安全问题使用

dubble check instance

static inner class

public class DubbleSingleton {

private static DubbleSingleton ds;

public static DubbleSingleton getDs(){

if(ds == null){

try {

//模拟初始化对象的准备时间...

Thread.sleep(3000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

synchronized (DubbleSingleton.class) {

if(ds == null){

ds = new DubbleSingleton();

}

}

}

return ds;

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());

}

},"t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());

}

},"t2");

Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());

}

},"t3");

t1.start();

t2.start();

t3.start();

}

}

这种方法用的多

public class Singletion {

private static class InnerSingletion {

private static Singletion single = new Singletion();

}

public static Singletion getInstance(){

return InnerSingletion.single;

}

}

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Demo3 {

private volatile int signal;

public synchronized void set(int value){

signal=1;

notifyAll(); //notifyAll叫醒所有的处于wait线程，争夺到时间片的线程只有一个

notify(); //notify方法会随机叫醒一个处于wait状态的线程

//notify 拿到锁

//this.signal=value;

}

public synchronized int get(){

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"方法执行了。。。");

if(signal!=1){

try {

wait(); //释放锁

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"方法执行完毕。。。");

return signal;

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Demo3 demo=new Demo3();

Target t1=new Target(demo);

Target t2=new Target(demo);

new Thread(t2).start();

new Thread(t2).start();

new Thread(t2).start();

new Thread(t2).start();

try {

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

new Thread(t1).start();

}

}