信号驱动linux,IO的多路复用和信号驱动

Linux为多路复用IO提供了较多的接口，有select(),pselect(),poll()的方式，继承自BSD和System V 两大派系。

select模型比较简单，“轮询”检测fd_set的状态，然后再采取相应的措施。

信号驱动模型有必要仔细研究一下，一般有如下步骤：

设置安装函数，信号是驱动信号是SIGIO(最好使用sigaction的方式，方便设置flag为SA_RESTART，因为client中读取终端的syscall可能会被中断，有必要重启。当然，使用signal()的方式然后再对errno进行判断是否为ETNTR，自行重启也是一种方法。但是signal()的可移植性问题，我强烈不建议使用)

设置fd的属主。F_SETOWN,要接受信号的进程，fcntl().

设置fd的异步标志。小细节，用'|'添加，要把之前的状态保留，也就是先F_GETFL再F_SETFL。(注意：在打开文件open()时设置标识O_ASYNC无实质效果)

On Linux, specifying the O_ASYNC

flag when calling open() has no effect. To enable signal-driven I/O, we must

instead set this flag using the fcntl() F_SETFL operation (Section 5.3).————《the linux programming interface》 4.3.1

sigaction()安装

具体进下文client例程。

写了一个聊天程序的demo，把这两种技术都使用了。服务端采取多路复用的IO方式，代替多进(线)程的模型，客服端采取的是信号驱动，如下：

容易产生bug的地方都写注释里边了。

serv.c

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

void endServ(int sig)

{

printf("Server ended!\n");

exit(-1);

}

int main()

{

// signal

struct sigaction act;

sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);

act.sa_handler = endServ;

act.sa_flags = 0;

sigaction(SIGINT,&act,0);

printf("This server is started,enter CTRL+C to end. \n");

int servfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(servfd == -1) {

printf("something wrong with socket():%m\n");

exit(-1);

}

struct sockaddr_in addr;

addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

addr.sin_port = htons(9999);

inet_pton(AF_INET,"127.0.0.1",&addr.sin_addr);

if (bind(servfd,(struct sockaddr*)&addr,sizeof(addr)) == -1) {

printf("Some thing wrong with bind():%m\n");

exit(-1);

}

printf("Bind success!\n");

listen(servfd,20);

int numbers=0;//how many clients has accepted

fd_set fs;

FD_ZERO(&fs);

int client_fd[100];

int i;

for(i=0;i<100;++i)

{

client_fd[i] = -1;

}

int maxfd=0;

char buf[1024];

for(;;)

{

maxfd =0;

FD_ZERO(&fs);

FD_SET(servfd,&fs);

maxfd = maxfd>servfd?maxfd:servfd;

for(i=0;i

{

if(client_fd[i] != -1) {

FD_SET(client_fd[i],&fs);

maxfd = maxfd>client_fd[i]?maxfd:client_fd[i];

}

}

int res = select(maxfd+1,&fs,0,0,0);

if(res == -1) {

printf("Something wrong with select():%m\n");

exit(-1);

}

if(FD_ISSET(servfd,&fs) && numbers < 100) {

printf("New client!\n");

client_fd[numbers] = accept(servfd,0,0);

numbers++;

}

for(i=0;i

{

bzero(buf,sizeof(buf));

//judge if client_fd[i] equal -1 is necessary

//if a client quited,next time the program will

//have a segment default

//also it should be in the front.

if(client_fd[i] != -1 && FD_ISSET(client_fd[i],&fs))

{

res = recv(client_fd[i],buf,sizeof(buf),0);

if(res == 0) {

printf("A client quit\n");

close(client_fd[i]);

FD_CLR(client_fd[i],&fs);

client_fd[i] = -1;

}

else if(res == -1) {

printf("Something wrong with net.\n");

exit(-1);

}

else {

int j;

for(j=0;j

{

if(client_fd[j] != -1)

send(client_fd[j],buf,sizeof(buf),0);

}

}

}

}

}

}

client：

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

static int fd;

void show(int sig)

{

char buf[1024] = {0};

int n = read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));

buf[n] = 0;

write(1,"MSG:",strlen("MSG:"));

write(1,buf,strlen(buf));

}

int main()

{

struct sigaction act;

sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);

act.sa_handler = show;

//This is necessary,in last loop read() counld be interrupt;

act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;

sigaction(SIGIO,&act,0);

fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(fd == -1) {

printf("Cannot get socketfd!:%m\n");

exit(-1);

}

struct sockaddr_in addr;

addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

addr.sin_port = htons(9999);

inet_pton(AF_INET,"127.0.0.1",&addr.sin_addr);

if(connect(fd,(struct sockaddr*)&addr,sizeof(addr)) != -1)

printf("connect success!\n");

else

exit(-1);

int flag = fcntl(fd,F_GETFL);

flag |= O_ASYNC;

fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,flag);

fcntl(fd,F_SETOWN,getpid());

char buffer[1024]={0};

for(;;)

{

int n = read(0,buffer,sizeof(buffer));

if(n==-1)

break;

send(fd,buffer,n,0);

}

write(1,"Closed.",strlen("Closed."));

}