摘要
记得之前使用Minikube安装K8S的时候,给分3G内存都嫌小!最近发现一个K8S的经量级实现K3S,最低0.5G内存就能运行起来,安装方便,和K8S用起来区别不大。推荐给大家,希望更多没高端机器的朋友也能够把K8S玩起来!
K3S简介
K3S是一个完全符合Kubernetes的发行版。可以使用单一二进制包安装(不到 100MB),安装简单,内存只有一半,最低0.5G内存就能运行。
为什么叫K3S?开发者希望K3S在内存占用方面只有K8S的一半,Kubernetes是一个10个字母的单词,简写为K8S。那么一半大小就是5个字母的单词,简写为K3S。
安装
使用官方提供的脚本安装十分方便,一个命令即可完成安装!
使用脚本安装K3S,同时会安装其他实用程序,包括kubectl、crictl、ctr、k3s-killall.sh和k3s-uninstall.sh;
curl -sfL http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn sh -
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安装完成后提示如下信息,并且会将K3S注册为Linux中的服务;
Complete!
[INFO] Creating /usr/local/bin/kubectl symlink to k3s
[INFO] Creating /usr/local/bin/crictl symlink to k3s
[INFO] Skipping /usr/local/bin/ctr symlink to k3s, command exists in PATH at /usr/bin/ctr
[INFO] Creating killall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh
[INFO] Creating uninstall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh
[INFO] env: Creating environment file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service.env
[INFO] systemd: Creating service file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service
[INFO] systemd: Enabling k3s unit
[INFO] systemd: Starting k3s
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可以查看下服务的运行状态,此时显示状态为active。
[root@linux-local k3s]# systemctl status k3s
● k3s.service - Lightweight Kubernetes
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/k3s.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-01-28 10:18:39 CST; 2min 0s ago
Docs: https://k3s.io
Process: 14983 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 14981 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe br_netfilter (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 14986 (k3s-server)
Tasks: 71
Memory: 776.3M
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使用
我们使用kubectl命令操作K3S与之前操作Minikube中的K8S并没有什么区别,这次还是创建一个Nginx的Deployment,然后通过创建Service将其暴露到外部访问。
创建集群
由于K3S默认安装了kubectl工具,我们可以直接使用它,比如查看kubectl的版本号;
kubectl version
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Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.2+k3s1", GitCommit:"1d4adb0301b9a63ceec8cabb11b309e061f43d5f", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-14T23:52:37Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.2+k3s1", GitCommit:"1d4adb0301b9a63ceec8cabb11b309e061f43d5f", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-14T23:52:37Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
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还可以查看集群详细信息;
kubectl cluster-info
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Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
Metrics-server is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:metrics-server:/proxy
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查看集群中的所有Node,可以发现K3S和之前的Minikube一样创建了一个单节点的简单集群。
kubectl get nodes
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NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
linux-local Ready control-plane,master 11m v1.20.2+k3s1
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部署应用
指定好应用镜像并创建一个Deployment,这里创建一个Nginx应用;
kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.10
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查看所有Deployment;
kubectl get deployments
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NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deployment 1/1 1 1 6s
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查看应用
查看Pod的详细状态,包括IP地址、占用端口、使用镜像等信息;
kubectl describe pods
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Name: nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Node: linux-local/192.168.5.15
Start Time: Thu, 28 Jan 2021 10:53:14 +0800
Labels: app=nginx-deployment
pod-template-hash=597c48c9dd
Annotations:
Status: Running
IP: 10.42.0.7
IPs:
IP: 10.42.0.7
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: containerd://560bbeefc9c5714b92ae9d0a1305c2b8746082f4aa11791a2b6e1f4288254ef0
Image: nginx:1.10
Image ID: docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:6202beb06ea61f44179e02ca965e8e13b961d12640101fca213efbfd145d7575
Port:
Host Port:
State: Running
Started: Thu, 28 Jan 2021 10:53:16 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment:
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-fnrf7 (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-fnrf7:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-fnrf7
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors:
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 38s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc to linux-local
Normal Pulled 38s kubelet Container image "nginx:1.10" already present on machine
Normal Created 38s kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 37s kubelet Started container nginx
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进入容器内部并执行bash命令,如果想退出容器可以使用exit命令。
kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc -- bash
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外部访问应用
创建一个Service来暴露nginx-deployment这个Deployment:
kubectl expose deployment/nginx-deployment --name="nginx-service" --type="NodePort" --port=80
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查看所有Service的状态;
kubectl get services
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.43.0.1 443/TCP 77m
nginx-service NodePort 10.43.29.39 80:31494/TCP 10s
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在Linux服务器上通过CURL命令即可访问Nginx服务,此时将打印Nginx主页信息;
curl localhost:31494
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相比Minikube在虚拟机中安装容器化应用,K3S直接在本机上安装,直接打开防火墙端口即可在外部访问;
# 开启端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=31494/tcp --permanent
# 重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload
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在外部即可访问Nginx主页,访问地址:http://192.168.5.15:31494
image
总结
K3S确实是一个很好用的K8S发行版本,不仅安装方便,而且内存占用也降低了。由于直接在本机上安装容器化应用,外部访问也方便了!