1g内存跑linux,据说只有高端机器才配运行K8S，网友：1G内存的渣渣跑起来了！

摘要

记得之前使用Minikube安装K8S的时候，给分3G内存都嫌小！最近发现一个K8S的经量级实现K3S，最低0.5G内存就能运行起来，安装方便，和K8S用起来区别不大。推荐给大家，希望更多没高端机器的朋友也能够把K8S玩起来！

K3S简介

K3S是一个完全符合Kubernetes的发行版。可以使用单一二进制包安装(不到 100MB)，安装简单，内存只有一半，最低0.5G内存就能运行。

为什么叫K3S？开发者希望K3S在内存占用方面只有K8S的一半，Kubernetes是一个10个字母的单词，简写为K8S。那么一半大小就是5个字母的单词，简写为K3S。

安装

使用官方提供的脚本安装十分方便，一个命令即可完成安装！

使用脚本安装K3S，同时会安装其他实用程序，包括kubectl、crictl、ctr、k3s-killall.sh和k3s-uninstall.sh；

curl -sfL http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn sh -

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安装完成后提示如下信息，并且会将K3S注册为Linux中的服务；

Complete!

[INFO] Creating /usr/local/bin/kubectl symlink to k3s

[INFO] Creating /usr/local/bin/crictl symlink to k3s

[INFO] Skipping /usr/local/bin/ctr symlink to k3s, command exists in PATH at /usr/bin/ctr

[INFO] Creating killall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh

[INFO] Creating uninstall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh

[INFO] env: Creating environment file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service.env

[INFO] systemd: Creating service file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service

[INFO] systemd: Enabling k3s unit

[INFO] systemd: Starting k3s

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可以查看下服务的运行状态，此时显示状态为active。

[root@linux-local k3s]# systemctl status k3s

● k3s.service - Lightweight Kubernetes

Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/k3s.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-01-28 10:18:39 CST; 2min 0s ago

Docs: https://k3s.io

Process: 14983 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 14981 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe br_netfilter (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 14986 (k3s-server)

Tasks: 71

Memory: 776.3M

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使用

我们使用kubectl命令操作K3S与之前操作Minikube中的K8S并没有什么区别，这次还是创建一个Nginx的Deployment，然后通过创建Service将其暴露到外部访问。

创建集群

由于K3S默认安装了kubectl工具，我们可以直接使用它，比如查看kubectl的版本号；

kubectl version

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Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.2+k3s1", GitCommit:"1d4adb0301b9a63ceec8cabb11b309e061f43d5f", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-14T23:52:37Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.2+k3s1", GitCommit:"1d4adb0301b9a63ceec8cabb11b309e061f43d5f", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-14T23:52:37Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

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还可以查看集群详细信息；

kubectl cluster-info

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Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443

CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

Metrics-server is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:metrics-server:/proxy

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查看集群中的所有Node，可以发现K3S和之前的Minikube一样创建了一个单节点的简单集群。

kubectl get nodes

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NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION

linux-local Ready control-plane,master 11m v1.20.2+k3s1

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部署应用

指定好应用镜像并创建一个Deployment，这里创建一个Nginx应用；

kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.10

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查看所有Deployment；

kubectl get deployments

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NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE

nginx-deployment 1/1 1 1 6s

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查看应用

查看Pod的详细状态，包括IP地址、占用端口、使用镜像等信息；

kubectl describe pods

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Name: nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc

Namespace: default

Priority: 0

Node: linux-local/192.168.5.15

Start Time: Thu, 28 Jan 2021 10:53:14 +0800

Labels: app=nginx-deployment

pod-template-hash=597c48c9dd

Annotations:

Status: Running

IP: 10.42.0.7

IPs:

IP: 10.42.0.7

Controlled By: ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd

Containers:

nginx:

Container ID: containerd://560bbeefc9c5714b92ae9d0a1305c2b8746082f4aa11791a2b6e1f4288254ef0

Image: nginx:1.10

Image ID: docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:6202beb06ea61f44179e02ca965e8e13b961d12640101fca213efbfd145d7575

Port:

Host Port:

State: Running

Started: Thu, 28 Jan 2021 10:53:16 +0800

Ready: True

Restart Count: 0

Environment:

Mounts:

/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-fnrf7 (ro)

Conditions:

Type Status

Initialized True

Ready True

ContainersReady True

PodScheduled True

Volumes:

default-token-fnrf7:

Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)

SecretName: default-token-fnrf7

Optional: false

QoS Class: BestEffort

Node-Selectors:

Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s

node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s

Events:

Type Reason Age From Message

---- ------ ---- ---- -------

Normal Scheduled 38s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc to linux-local

Normal Pulled 38s kubelet Container image "nginx:1.10" already present on machine

Normal Created 38s kubelet Created container nginx

Normal Started 37s kubelet Started container nginx

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进入容器内部并执行bash命令，如果想退出容器可以使用exit命令。

kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc -- bash

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外部访问应用

创建一个Service来暴露nginx-deployment这个Deployment：

kubectl expose deployment/nginx-deployment --name="nginx-service" --type="NodePort" --port=80

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查看所有Service的状态；

kubectl get services

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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

kubernetes ClusterIP 10.43.0.1 443/TCP 77m

nginx-service NodePort 10.43.29.39 80:31494/TCP 10s

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在Linux服务器上通过CURL命令即可访问Nginx服务，此时将打印Nginx主页信息；

curl localhost:31494

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相比Minikube在虚拟机中安装容器化应用，K3S直接在本机上安装，直接打开防火墙端口即可在外部访问；

# 开启端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=31494/tcp --permanent

# 重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload

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在外部即可访问Nginx主页，访问地址：http://192.168.5.15:31494

image

总结

K3S确实是一个很好用的K8S发行版本，不仅安装方便，而且内存占用也降低了。由于直接在本机上安装容器化应用，外部访问也方便了！