1、Runnable接口源码:
1 public interfaceRunnable {2 public abstract voidrun();3 }
2、Thread类与Runnable接口的继承关系
1 public class Thread implementsRunnable{2
3 }
Runnable接口仅有一个run()方法,Thread类实现了Runnable接口,所以,Thread类也实现了Runnable接口。
3、构造函数
1 publicThread() {2 init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
1 publicThread(Runnable target) {2 init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
1 publicThread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target) {2 init(group, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
1 publicThread(String name) {2 init(null, null, name, 0);3 }
还有其它的构造方法,此处省略。。。
这里的第三个参数是设置线程的名称,从下面的代码中可以看出,生成名称的规则是:”Thread-”加上创建的线程的个数(第几个)。
继续查看init方法:
1 /**
2 * Initializes a Thread.3 *4 *@paramg the Thread group5 *@paramtarget the object whose run() method gets called6 *@paramname the name of the new Thread7 *@paramstackSize the desired stack size for the new thread, or8 * zero to indicate that this parameter is to be ignored.9 */ //ThreadGroup:线程组表示一个线程的集合。此外,线程组也可以包含其他线程组。线程组构成一棵树,在树中,除了初始线程组外,每个线程组都有一个父线程组。
10 private voidinit(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,11 longstackSize) {12 Thread parent =currentThread();13 SecurityManager security =System.getSecurityManager();14 if (g == null) {15 /*Determine if it's an applet or not*/
16
17 /*If there is a security manager, ask the security manager18 what to do.*/
19 if (security != null) {20 g =security.getThreadGroup();21 }22
23 /*If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter24 use the parent thread group.*/
25 if (g == null) {26 g =parent.getThreadGroup();27 }28 }29
30 /*checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is31 explicitly passed in.*/
32 g.checkAccess();33
34 /*
35 * Do we have the required permissions?36 */
37 if (security != null) {38 if(isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {39 security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);40 }41 }42
43
44 g.addUnstarted();45
46 this.group =g;
//每个线程都有一个优先级,高优先级线程的执行优先于低优先级线程。每个线程都可以或不可以标记为一个守护程序。当某个线程中运行的代码创建一个新 Thread 对象时,该新线程的初始优先级被设定为创建线程的优先级,并且当且仅当创建线程是守护线程时,新线程才是守护程序。
47 this.daemon =parent.isDaemon();48 this.priority =parent.getPriority();49 this.name =name.toCharArray();50 if (security == null ||isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))51 this.contextClassLoader =parent.getContextClassLoader();52 else
53 this.contextClassLoader =parent.contextClassLoader;54 this.inheritedAccessControlContext =AccessController.getContext();55 this.target =target;56 setPriority(priority);57 if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)58 this.inheritableThreadLocals =
59 ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);60 /*Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares*/
61 this.stackSize =stackSize;62
63 /*Set thread ID*/
64 tid =nextThreadID();65 }
初始化时设置了是否为守护线程,优先级,初始化名称。
4、Thread的start方法的实现:
1 public synchronized voidstart() {2 /**
3 * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"4 * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added5 * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.6 *7 * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".8 */
9 if (threadStatus != 0)10 throw newIllegalThreadStateException();11 group.add(this);12 start0();13 if(stopBeforeStart) {14 stop0(throwableFromStop);15 }16 }
这里主要的是start0方法;查看其实现:
1 private native voidstart0();
这里使用了本地调用,通过C代码初始化线程需要的系统资源。可见,线程底层的实现是通过C代码去完成的。
4、Thread的run方法的实现
1 public voidrun() {2 if (target != null) {3 target.run();4 }5 }
这里的target实际上要保存的是一个Runnable接口的实现的引用:
1 private Runnable target;
所以使用继承Thread创建线程类时,需要重写run方法,因为默认的run方法什么也不干。
而当我们使用Runnable接口实现线程类时,为了启动线程,需要先把该线程类实例初始化一个Thread,实际上就执行了如下构造函数:
1 publicThread(Runnable target) {2 init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);3 }
即是把线程类的引用保存到target中。这样,当调用Thread的run方法时,target就不为空了,而是继续调用了target的run方法,所以我们需要实现Runnable的run方法。这样通过Thread的run方法就调用到了Runnable实现类中的run方法。
这也是Runnable接口实现的线程类需要这样启动的原因。