如果参数类型是引用类型,那么传过来的就是这个引用参数的副本,这个副本存放的是参数的地址。如果在函数中没有改变这个副本的地址,而是改变了地址中的值,那么在函数内的改变会影响到传入的参数。如果在函数中改变了副本的地址,如new一个,那么副本就指向了一个新的地址,此时传入的参数还是指向原来的 地址,所以不会改变参数的值。
例子:
packagecom.demo.test;public classEmployee {privateString name;private doublesalary;public Employee(String name,doublesalary){this.name =name;this.salary =salary;
}publicString getName() {returnname;
}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;
}public doublegetSalary() {returnsalary;
}public void setSalary(doublesalary) {this.salary =salary;
}
}
packagecom.demo.test;public classParamTest {public static voidmain(String[] args) {/*** Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters*/System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");double percent = 10;
System.out.println("Before: percent=" +percent);
tripleValue(percent);
System.out.println("After: percent=" +percent);/*** Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters*/System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
Employee harry= new Employee("Harry", 50000);
System.out.println("Before: salary=" +harry.getSalary());
tripleSalary(harry);
System.out.println("After: salary=" +harry.getSalary());/*** Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters*/System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
Employee a= new Employee("Alice", 70000);
Employee b= new Employee("Bob", 60000);
System.out.println("Before: a=" +a.getName());
System.out.println("Before: b=" +b.getName());
swap(a, b);
System.out.println("After: a=" +a.getName());
System.out.println("After: b=" +b.getName());
}private static voidswap(Employee x, Employee y) {
Employee temp=x;
x=y;
y=temp;
System.out.println("End of method: x=" +x.getName());
System.out.println("End of method: y=" +y.getName());
}private static voidtripleSalary(Employee x) {
x.setSalary(x.getSalary()*3);
System.out.println("End of method: salary=" +x.getSalary());
}private static void tripleValue(doublex) {
x= 3 *x;
System.out.println("End of Method X= " +x);
}
}
运行结果:
Testing tripleValue:
Before: percent=10.0End of Method X= 30.0After: percent=10.0Testing tripleSalary:
Before: salary=50000.0End of method: salary=150000.0After: salary=150000.0Testing swap:
Before: a=Alice
Before: b=Bob
End of method: x=Bob //可见引用的副本进行了交换
End of method: y=Alice
After: a=Alice //引用本身没有交换
After: b=Bob
首先要说明的是java中是没有指针的,java中只存在值传递,只存在值传递!!! 然而我们经常看到对于对象(数组,类,接口)的传递似乎有点像引用传递,可以改变对象中某个属性的值。但是不要被这个假象所蒙蔽,实际上这个传入函数的值是对象引用的拷贝,即传递的是引用的地址值,所以还是按值传递。
示例1:
public classTest {public static void change(inta){
a=50;
}public static voidmain(String[] args) {int a=10;
System.out.println(a);
change(a);
System.out.println(a);
}
}
很显然输出的 是10,10。传递的是值的一份拷贝,这份拷贝与原来的值没什么关系。
内存分析:
示例2:
public classTest {public static void change(int[]a){
a[0]=50;
}public static voidmain(String[] args) {int []a={10,20};
System.out.println(a[0]);
change(a);
System.out.println(a[0]);
}
}
显然输出结果为10 50。实际传递的是引用的地址值。
内存分析:
示例3:
classEmp {public intage;
}public classTest {public static voidchange(Emp emp)
{
emp.age= 50;
emp= new Emp();//再创建一个对象
emp.age=100;
}public static voidmain(String[] args) {
Emp emp= newEmp();
emp.age= 100;
System.out.println(emp.age);
change(emp);
System.out.println(emp.age);
System.out.println(emp.age);
}
}
输出为:100 50 50.
内存分析:
对于String类:
public classTest {public static voidchange(String s){
s="zhangsan";
}public static voidmain(String[] args) {
String s=new String("lisi");
System.out.println(s);
change(s);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
输出为:lisi lisi,由于String类是final修饰的,不可变,它会在内存中在开辟一块新空间。