mysql专业连接工具_mysql（MySQL客户端连接工具）

在MySQL提供的工具中，DBA使用最频繁的莫过于mysql。这里的mysql不是指MySQL服务，也不是mysql数据库，而是连接数据库的客户端工具。类似于Oracle的sqlplus。

语法：

mysql [options][database]

options是mysql的可用选项，一次可以写一个或者多个，甚至可以不写。database表示连接的数据库，一次只能写一个或者不写，如果不写，在登录数据库后还需要使用use dbname选择数据库。

mysql的选项通常有两种表达方式：

-+选项单词的缩写+选项值**；

--+选项的完整单词+=+选项的实际值；

例如:

mysql -uroot -ppassword

mysql --user=root --password=password

1.连接选项

-u,--user=name 指定连接的用户名

-p,--password=password 指定连接密码

-h,--host=name 指定服务器IP或域名

-P,--port=3308 指定连接端口

在默认情况下，如果这些选项都不写，mysql将会使用'用户'@'localhost'和空密码连接本机的3306端口。空用户会在mysql安装完毕后自动生成，这也就是仅使用mysql命令就能连到数据库的原因。

如果客户端和服务器在用一台机器上，通常不需要指定-h选项，否则需要指定mysql服务所在的IP或主机名。如果不指定端口，默认连接到3306端口。示例如下：

# mysql -h 10.10.200.202 -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 75520

Server version: 5.6.28 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

2.指定客户端字符集

--default-character-set=charset-name为服务器的字符集选项。该选项可以配置在my.cnf的[mysqld]组中，同样也可以作为客户端字符集选项，也可以配置在[mysql]组中。在使用mysql命令登录数据库时，使用--default-character-set选项可以指定客户端的字符集。例如，如果未使用--default-character-set选项登录数据库时：

# mysql -h 10.10.200.202 -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 75520

Server version: 5.6.28 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'chara%';

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | latin1 |

| character_set_connection | latin1 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | latin1 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.6.28/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

当使用--default-character-set选项登录数据库时：

# mysql -h 10.10.200.202 -uroot -p --default-character-set=utf8

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 75542

Server version: 5.6.28 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'chara%';

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.6.28/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

3.执行选项

-e,--execute=name 执行sql语句并退出

此选项可以直接在客户端执行SQL语句，而不用连接到MySQL数据库后再执行，对于一些脚本的执行，使用此法较为便利。可以使用此种方法连续执行多条SQL语句，语句之间用分号(;)分隔例如：

# mysql -uroot -p mysql -e "select host,user from user"

Enter password:

+--------------------+--------+

| host | user |

+--------------------+--------+

| 10.10.200.201 | root |

| 10.10.200.201 | zabbix |

| 127.0.0.1 | root |

| ::1 | root |

| localhost | |

| localhost | root |

| localhost | zabbix |

| tcxx-ops-mysql-202 | |

| tcxx-ops-mysql-202 | root |

+--------------------+--------+

4.格式化选项

-E,--vertical 将输出按字段顺序垂直显示

-s,--silent 去掉SQL输出结果中的线条框

# mysql -uroot -p mysql -e "select host,user from user" -E

Enter password:

*************************** 1. row ***************************

host: 127.0.0.1

user: root

*************************** 2. row ***************************

host: ::1

user: root

*************************** 3. row ***************************

host: localhost

user:

*************************** 4. row ***************************

host: localhost

user: root

*************************** 5. row ***************************

host: test-server

user:

*************************** 6. row ***************************

host: test-server

user: root