一、说在前面的话
我们之间介绍过SpringBoot自动配置的原理,基本上是如下:
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
具体可参考【SpringBoot之自动配置原理解析】
二、静态资源映射规则
1、对哪些目录映射?
classpath:/META-INF/resources/classpath:/resources/classpath:/static/classpath:/public/
/:当前项目的根路径
2、什么意思?
就我们在上面五个目录下放静态资源(比如:a.js等),可以直接访问(http://localhost:8080/a.js),类似于以前web项目的webapp下;放到其他目录下无法被访问。
3、为什么是那几个目录?
3.1、看源码
我们一起来读下源码,这个是SpringBoot自动配置的WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java类来帮我们干的。
@Overridepublic voidaddResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");return;
}
Integer cachePeriod= this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern= this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
3.2、分析源码
我们重点分析后半截,前半截后面会介绍。
//staticPathPattern是/**
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()========>ResourcePropertiespublicString[] getStaticLocations() {return this.staticLocations;
}========>
private String[] staticLocations =RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;========>
private static finalString[] RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;private static final String[] SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "/"};private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS ={"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/","classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/"};========>
static{//可以看到如下是对上面两个数组进行复制操作到一个新数组上,也就是合并。
RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = newString[CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length+SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length];
System.arraycopy(SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS,0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0,
SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
System.arraycopy(CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS,0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS,
SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length, CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
}
所以上述代码经过我的翻译后成为了如下样子:
registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/","classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/", "/")//设置缓存时间
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
3.3、一句话概括
WebMvcAutoConfiguration类自动为我们注册了如下目录为静态资源目录,也就是说直接可访问到资源的目录。
classpath:/META-INF/resources/classpath:/resources/classpath:/static/classpath:/public/
/:当前项目的根路径
优先级从上到下。
所以,如果static里面有个index.html,public下面也有个index.html,则优先会加载static下面的index.html,因为优先级!
4、默认首页
PS:就是直接输入ip:port/项目名称默认进入的页面。
4.1、看源码
WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java
@BeanpublicWelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {return newWelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
4.2、分析源码
resourceProperties.getWelcomePage()========>
publicResource getWelcomePage() {//遍历默认静态资源目录后面拼接个index.html的数组//比如:[/static/index.html, /public/index.html等等]
for(String location : getStaticWelcomePageLocations()) {
Resource resource= this.resourceLoader.getResource(location);try{if(resource.exists()) {
resource.getURL();returnresource;
}
}catch(Exception ex) {//Ignore
}
}return null;
}========>
//下面这段代码通俗易懂,就是给默认静态资源目录后面拼接个index.html并返回,比如:/static/index.html
privateString[] getStaticWelcomePageLocations() {
String[] result= new String[this.staticLocations.length];for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
String location= this.staticLocations[i];if (!location.endsWith("/")) {
location= location + "/";
}
result[i]= location + "index.html";
}returnresult;
}
所以上述代码经过我的翻译后成为了如下样子:
return newWelcomePageHandlerMapping("classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html","classpath:/resources/index.html","classpath:/static/index.html","classpath:/public/index.html","/index.html","/**");
4.3、一句话概括
WebMvcAutoConfiguration类自动为我们注册了如下文件为默认首页。
classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html
classpath:/resources/index.html
classpath:/static/index.html
classpath:/public/index.html/index.html
优先级从上到下。
所以,如果static里面有个index.html,public下面也有个index.html,则优先会加载static下面的index.html,因为优先级!
5、favicon.ico
PS:就是
image.png
这个图标。
5.1、看源码
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value= "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)public static classFaviconConfiguration {private finalResourceProperties resourceProperties;publicFaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {this.resourceProperties =resourceProperties;
}
@BeanpublicSimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping= newSimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE+ 1);
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));returnmapping;
}
@BeanpublicResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler= newResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());returnrequestHandler;
}
}
5.2、分析源码
//首先可以看到的是可以设置是否生效,通过参数spring.mvc.favicon.enabled来配置,若无此参数,则默认是生效的。
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)========》//可以看到所有的**/favicon.ico都是在faviconRequestHandler()这个方法里找。
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", faviconRequestHandler()));========》
faviconRequestHandler().this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()//就是之前的五个静态资源文件夹。
ListgetFaviconLocations() {
List locations = new ArrayList(this.staticLocations.length + 1);if (this.resourceLoader != null) {for (String location : this.staticLocations) {
locations.add(this.resourceLoader.getResource(location));
}
}
locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));returnCollections.unmodifiableList(locations);
}
5.3、一句话概括
只要把favicon.ico放到如下目录下,就会自动生效。
classpath:/META-INF/resources/classpath:/resources/classpath:/static/classpath:/public/
/:当前项目的根路径
6、webjars
6.1、看源码
WebMvcAutoConfiguration
@Overridepublic voidaddResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");return;
}
Integer cachePeriod= this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern= this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
6.2、分析源码
这次我们来分析前半截。
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
6.3、一句话概括
所有/webjars/**都从classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路径下去找对应的静态资源。
6.4、什么是webjars?
就是以jar包的方式引入静态资源。
image.png
我们可以做个例子,将jquery引入到项目中
org.webjars
jquery
3.3.1
看项目依赖
image.png
会自动为我们引入jquery,要怎么使用呢?我们上面说过:
所有/webjars/*都从classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路径下去找对应的静态资源。