android发送通知给指定用户,使用 Azure 通知中心向特定的 Android 应用发送推送通知 | Microsoft Docs...

打开 res/layout/activity_main.xml 文件，替换以下内容定义：

它会添加新的 EditText 控件，方便你以用户身份登录。 此外还会添加一个字段用作要发送的通知的一部分的用户名标记：

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

tools:context=".MainActivity">

android:id="@+id/usernameText"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:ems="10"

android:hint="@string/usernameHint"

android:layout_above="@+id/passwordText"

android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />

android:id="@+id/passwordText"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:ems="10"

android:hint="@string/passwordHint"

android:inputType="textPassword"

android:layout_above="@+id/buttonLogin"

android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />

android:id="@+id/buttonLogin"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="@string/loginButton"

android:onClick="login"

android:layout_above="@+id/toggleButtonFCM"

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"

android:layout_marginBottom="24dp" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textOn="WNS on"

android:textOff="WNS off"

android:id="@+id/toggleButtonWNS"

android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/toggleButtonFCM"

android:layout_centerVertical="true" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textOn="FCM on"

android:textOff="FCM off"

android:id="@+id/toggleButtonFCM"

android:checked="true"

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"

android:layout_centerVertical="true" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textOn="APNS on"

android:textOff="APNS off"

android:id="@+id/toggleButtonAPNS"

android:layout_toRightOf="@id/toggleButtonFCM"

android:layout_centerVertical="true" />

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:id="@+id/editTextNotificationMessageTag"

android:layout_below="@id/toggleButtonFCM"

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"

android:hint="@string/notification_message_tag_hint" />

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:id="@+id/editTextNotificationMessage"

android:layout_below="@+id/editTextNotificationMessageTag"

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"

android:hint="@string/notification_message_hint" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="@string/send_button"

android:id="@+id/sendbutton"

android:onClick="sendNotificationButtonOnClick"

android:layout_below="@+id/editTextNotificationMessage"

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="Hello World!"

android:id="@+id/text_hello"

/>

打开 res/values/strings.xml 文件并将 send_button 定义替换为以下行，以重新定义 send_button 的字符串并为其他控件添加字符串：

Username

Password

1. Sign in

2. Send Notification

Notification message

Recipient username

main_activity.xml 的图形布局现在应如下图所示：

在 MainActivity 类所在的包中创建一个名为 RegisterClient 的新类。 将以下代码用于新的类文件。

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import org.json.JSONArray;

import org.json.JSONException;

import org.json.JSONObject;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.SharedPreferences;

import android.util.Log;

public class RegisterClient {

private static final String PREFS_NAME = "ANHSettings";

private static final String REGID_SETTING_NAME = "ANHRegistrationId";

private String Backend_Endpoint;

SharedPreferences settings;

protected HttpClient httpClient;

private String authorizationHeader;

public RegisterClient(Context context, String backendEndpoint) {

super();

this.settings = context.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, 0);

httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

Backend_Endpoint = backendEndpoint + "/api/register";

}

public String getAuthorizationHeader() {

return authorizationHeader;

}

public void setAuthorizationHeader(String authorizationHeader) {

this.authorizationHeader = authorizationHeader;

}

public void register(String handle, Set tags) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException, JSONException {

String registrationId = retrieveRegistrationIdOrRequestNewOne(handle);

JSONObject deviceInfo = new JSONObject();

deviceInfo.put("Platform", "fcm");

deviceInfo.put("Handle", handle);

deviceInfo.put("Tags", new JSONArray(tags));

int statusCode = upsertRegistration(registrationId, deviceInfo);

if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

return;

} else if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_GONE){

settings.edit().remove(REGID_SETTING_NAME).commit();

registrationId = retrieveRegistrationIdOrRequestNewOne(handle);

statusCode = upsertRegistration(registrationId, deviceInfo);

if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

Log.e("RegisterClient", "Error upserting registration: " + statusCode);

throw new RuntimeException("Error upserting registration");

}

} else {

Log.e("RegisterClient", "Error upserting registration: " + statusCode);

throw new RuntimeException("Error upserting registration");

}

}

private int upsertRegistration(String registrationId, JSONObject deviceInfo)

throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException,

ClientProtocolException {

HttpPut request = new HttpPut(Backend_Endpoint+"/"+registrationId);

request.setEntity(new StringEntity(deviceInfo.toString()));

request.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic "+authorizationHeader);

request.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");

HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);

int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

return statusCode;

}

private String retrieveRegistrationIdOrRequestNewOne(String handle) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

if (settings.contains(REGID_SETTING_NAME))

return settings.getString(REGID_SETTING_NAME, null);

HttpUriRequest request = new HttpPost(Backend_Endpoint+"?handle="+handle);

request.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic "+authorizationHeader);

HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

Log.e("RegisterClient", "Error creating registrationId: " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());

throw new RuntimeException("Error creating Notification Hubs registrationId");

}

String registrationId = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

registrationId = registrationId.substring(1, registrationId.length()-1);

settings.edit().putString(REGID_SETTING_NAME, registrationId).commit();

return registrationId;

}

}

此组件将实现所需的 REST 调用，以便能够联系应用后端来注册推送通知。 它还会在本地存储通知中心创建的 registrationIds，如 从应用后端注册中所述。 它使用你在单击“登录”按钮时存储在本地存储中的授权令牌。

在 MainActivity 类中，添加一个用于 RegisterClient 类的字段和一个用于 ASP.NET 后端终结点的字符串。 确保使用前面获取的实际后端终结点来替换 。 例如，http://mybackend.azurewebsites.net。

private RegisterClient registerClient;

private static final String BACKEND_ENDPOINT = "";

FirebaseInstanceId fcm;

String FCM_token = null;

在 MainActivity 类的 onCreate 方法中，删除或注释掉 hub 字段的初始化以及对 registerWithNotificationHubs 方法的调用。 然后，添加代码来初始化 RegisterClient 类的实例。 该方法应包含以下行：

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

mainActivity = this;

FirebaseService.createChannelAndHandleNotifications(getApplicationContext());

fcm = FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance();

registerClient = new RegisterClient(this, BACKEND_ENDPOINT);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

}

向 MainActivity.java 文件添加以下 import 语句。

import android.util.Base64;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.ToggleButton;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import android.content.Context;

import java.util.HashSet;

import android.widget.Toast;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;

import android.os.AsyncTask;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import android.app.AlertDialog;

import android.content.DialogInterface;

import com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceId;

import com.google.firebase.iid.InstanceIdResult;

import com.google.android.gms.tasks.OnSuccessListener;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

将 onStart 方法的代码替换为以下代码：

super.onStart();

Button sendPush = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendbutton);

sendPush.setEnabled(false);

然后，添加以下方法，处理“登录”按钮的单击事件，并发送推送通知。

public void login(View view) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

this.registerClient.setAuthorizationHeader(getAuthorizationHeader());

final Context context = this;

new AsyncTask() {

@Override

protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) {

try {

FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance().getInstanceId().addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener() {

@Override

public void onSuccess(InstanceIdResult instanceIdResult) {

FCM_token = instanceIdResult.getToken();

Log.d(TAG, "FCM Registration Token: " + FCM_token);

}

});

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

registerClient.register(FCM_token, new HashSet());

} catch (Exception e) {

DialogNotify("MainActivity - Failed to register", e.getMessage());

return e;

}

return null;

}

protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {

Button sendPush = (Button) findViewById(R.id.sendbutton);

sendPush.setEnabled(true);

Toast.makeText(context, "Signed in and registered.",

Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

}.execute(null, null, null);

}

private String getAuthorizationHeader() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

EditText username = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.usernameText);

EditText password = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.passwordText);

String basicAuthHeader = username.getText().toString()+":"+password.getText().toString();

basicAuthHeader = Base64.encodeToString(basicAuthHeader.getBytes("UTF-8"), Base64.NO_WRAP);

return basicAuthHeader;

}

/**

* This method calls the ASP.NET WebAPI backend to send the notification message

* to the platform notification service based on the pns parameter.

*

* @param pns The platform notification service to send the notification message to. Must

* be one of the following ("wns", "fcm", "apns").

* @param userTag The tag for the user who will receive the notification message. This string

* must not contain spaces or special characters.

* @param message The notification message string. This string must include the double quotes

* to be used as JSON content.

*/

public void sendPush(final String pns, final String userTag, final String message)

throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

new AsyncTask() {

@Override

protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) {

try {

String uri = BACKEND_ENDPOINT + "/api/notifications";

uri += "?pns=" + pns;

uri += "&to_tag=" + userTag;

HttpPost request = new HttpPost(uri);

request.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic "+ getAuthorizationHeader());

request.setEntity(new StringEntity(message));

request.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");

HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpClient().execute(request);

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

DialogNotify("MainActivity - Error sending " + pns + " notification",

response.getStatusLine().toString());

throw new RuntimeException("Error sending notification");

}

} catch (Exception e) {

DialogNotify("MainActivity - Failed to send " + pns + " notification ", e.getMessage());

return e;

}

return null;

}

}.execute(null, null, null);

}

“登录”按钮的 login 处理程序生成在输入的用户名和密码上使用的基本身份验证令牌(代表身份验证方案使用的任何令牌)，然后使用 RegisterClient 调用后端来注册。

sendPush 方法调用后端来触发根据用户标记向用户发送安全通知。 sendPush 针对的平台通知服务取决于传入的 pns 字符串。

将下面的 DialogNotify 方法添加到 MainActivity 类。

protected void DialogNotify(String title, String message)

{

AlertDialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this).create();

alertDialog.setTitle(title);

alertDialog.setMessage(message);

alertDialog.setButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_NEUTRAL, "OK",

new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

dialog.dismiss();

}

});

alertDialog.show();

}

在 MainActivity 类中，更新 sendNotificationButtonOnClick 方法以使用用户选择的平台通知服务调用 sendPush 方法，如下所示。

/**

* Send Notification button click handler. This method sends the push notification

* message to each platform selected.

*

* @param v The view

*/

public void sendNotificationButtonOnClick(View v)

throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

String nhMessageTag = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextNotificationMessageTag))

.getText().toString();

String nhMessage = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextNotificationMessage))

.getText().toString();

// JSON String

nhMessage = "\"" + nhMessage + "\"";

if (((ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.toggleButtonWNS)).isChecked())

{

sendPush("wns", nhMessageTag, nhMessage);

}

if (((ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.toggleButtonFCM)).isChecked())

{

sendPush("fcm", nhMessageTag, nhMessage);

}

if (((ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.toggleButtonAPNS)).isChecked())

{

sendPush("apns", nhMessageTag, nhMessage);

}

}

在 build.gradle 文件中，将以下行添加到 buildTypes 节后的 android 节。

useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'

如果你的应用面向 API 级别 28 (Android 9.0) 或更高版本，请在 AndroidManifest.xml 的 元素中包含以下声明。

android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"

android:required="false" />

生成项目。