chm python 沈洁元_Python简明教程-沈洁元

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: method.py

class Person:

def sayHi(self):

print 'Hello, how are you?'

p=Person()

p.sayHi()

# This short example can also be written as Person().sayHi()

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: class_init.py

class Person:

def __init__(self,name):

self.name=name

def sayHi(self):

print 'Hello, my name is',self.name

p=Person('Swaroop')

p.sayHi()

# This short example can also be written as Person('Swaroop').sayHi()

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: objvar.py

class Person:

'''Represents a person.'''

population=0

def __init__(self,name):

'''Initializes the person's data.'''

self.name=name

print '(Initializing %s)' %self.name

#When this person is created, he/she adds to the population

Person.population+=1

def __del__(self):

'''I am dying.'''

print '%s says bye.' %self.name

Person.population-=1

if Person.population==0:

print 'I am the last one.'

else:

print 'There are still %d people left.' %Person.population

def sayHi(self):

'''Greeting by the person.

Really, that's all it does.'''

print 'Hi, my name is %s.' %self.name

def howMany(self):

'''Prints the current population.'''

if Person.population==1:

print 'I am the only person here.'

else:

print 'We have %d persons here.' %Person.population

swaroop=Person('Swaroop')

swaroop.sayHi()

swaroop.howMany()

kalam=Person('Abdul Kalam')

kalam.sayHi()

kalam.howMany()

swaroop.sayHi()

swaroop.howMany()

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: inherit.py

class SchoolMember:

'''Represents any school member.'''

def __init__(self,name,age):

self.name=name

self.age=age

print '(Initialized SchoolMember: %s)' %self.name

def tell(self):

'''Tell my details.'''

print 'Name:"%s" Age:"%s"' %(self.name,self.age),

class Teacher(SchoolMember):

'''Represents a teacher.'''

def __init__(self,name,age,salary):

SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age)

self.salary=salary

print '(Initialized Teacher: %s)' %self.name

def tell(self):

SchoolMember.tell(self)

print 'Salary: "%d"' %self.salary

class Student(SchoolMember):

'''Represents a student.'''

def __init__(self,name,age,marks):

SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age)

self.marks=marks

print '(Initialized Student: %s)' %self.name

def tell(self):

SchoolMember.tell(self)

print 'Marks: "%d"' %self.marks

t=Teacher('Mrs. Shrividya',40,30000)

s=Student('Swaroop',22,75)

print # prints a blank line

members=[t,s]

for member in members:

member.tell() # works for both Teachers and Students

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: using_file.py

poem='''\

Programming is fun

When the work is done

if you wanna make your work also fun:

use Python!

'''

f=file('poem.txt','w') # open for 'w'riting

f.write(poem) # write text to file

f.close() # close the file

f=file('poem.txt')

# if no mode is specified, 'r'ead mode is assumed by default

while True:

line=f.readline()

if len(line)==0: # Zero length indicates EOF

break

print line,

# Notice comma to avoid automatic newline added by Python

f.close() # close the file

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: pickling.py

import cPickle as p

#import pickle as p

shoplistfile='shoplist.data'

# the name of the file where we will store the object

shoplist=['apple','mango','carrot']

# Write to the file

f=file(shoplistfile,'w')

p.dump(shoplist,f) # dump the object to a file

f.close()

del shoplist # remove the shoplist

# Read back from the storage

f=file(shoplistfile)

storedlist=p.load(f)

print storedlist

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: try_except.py

import sys

try:

s=raw_input('Enter something --> ')

except EOFError:

print '\nWhy did you do an EOF on me?'

sys.exit() # exit the program

except:

print '\nSome error/exception occurred.'

# here, we are not exiting the program

print 'Done'

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: raising.py

class ShortInputException(Exception):

'''A user-defined exception class.'''

def __init__(self,length,atleast):

Exception.__init__(self)

self.length=length

self.atleast=atleast

try:

s=raw_input('Enter something --> ')

if len(s)<3:

raise ShortInputException(len(s),3)

# Other work can continue as usual here

except EOFError:

print '\nWhy did you do an EOF on me?'

except ShortInputException,x:

print 'ShortInputException: The input was of length %d, \

was expecting at least %d' %(x.length,x.atleast)

else:

print 'No exception was raised.'

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: finally.py

import time

try:

f=file('poem.txt')

while True: # our usual file-reading idiom

line=f.readline()

if len(line)==0:

break

time.sleep(2)

print line,

finally:

f.close()

print 'Cleaning up...closed the file'

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: cat.py

import sys

def readfile(filename):

'''Print a file to the standard output.'''

f=file(filename)

while True:

line=f.readline()

if len(line)==0:

break

print line, # notice comma

f.close()

# Script starts from here

if len(sys.argv)<2:

print 'No action specified.'

sys.exit()

if sys.argv[1].startswith('--'):

option=sys.argv[1][2:]

# fetch sys.argv[1] but without the first two characters

if option=='version':

print 'Version 1.2'

elif option=='help':

print '''\

This program prints files to the standard output.

Any number of files can be specified.

Options include:

--version : Prints the version number

--help : Display this help'''

else:

print 'Unknown option.'

sys.exit()

else:

for filename in sys.argv[1:]:

readfile(filename)

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: list_comprehension.py

listone=[2,3,4]

listtwo=[2*i for i in listone if i>2]

print listtwo

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Filename: lambda.py

def make_repeater(n):

return lambda s: s*n

twice=make_repeater(2)

print twice('word')

print twice(5)