sql server 备份mysql_SQL Server 数据库的备份和还原

SQL Server 数据库的备份和还原Back Up and Restore of SQL Server Databases

03/30/2018

本文内容

适用于：Applies to: SQL ServerSQL Server(所有支持的版本)SQL ServerSQL Server (all supported versions)适用于：Applies to: SQL ServerSQL Server(所有支持的版本)SQL ServerSQL Server (all supported versions)

本文介绍备份 SQL ServerSQL Server 数据库的优点、基本的备份和还原术语，还介绍 SQL ServerSQL Server 的备份和还原策略以及 SQL ServerSQL Server 备份和还原的安全注意事项。This article describes the benefits of backing up SQL ServerSQL Server databases, basic backup and restore terms, and introduces backup and restore strategies for SQL ServerSQL Server and security considerations for SQL ServerSQL Server backup and restore.

本文介绍了 SQL Server 备份。This article introduces SQL Server backups. 有关备份 SQL Server 数据库的特定步骤，请参阅创建备份。For specific steps to back up SQL Server databases, see Creating backups.

SQL Server 备份和还原组件为保护存储在 SQL ServerSQL Server 数据库中的关键数据提供了基本安全保障。The SQL Server backup and restore component provides an essential safeguard for protecting critical data stored in your SQL ServerSQL Server databases. 为了尽量降低灾难性数据丢失的风险，需备份数据库，以便定期保存对数据的修改。To minimize the risk of catastrophic data loss, you need to back up your databases to preserve modifications to your data on a regular basis. 计划良好的备份和还原策略有助于保护数据库，使之免受各种故障导致的数据丢失的威胁。A well-planned backup and restore strategy helps protect databases against data loss caused by a variety of failures. 测试策略，方法是先还原一组备份，然后恢复数据库，以便准备好对灾难进行有效的响应。Test your strategy by restoring a set of backups and then recovering your database to prepare you to respond effectively to a disaster.

除了在本地存储中存储备份外，SQL Server 还支持备份到 Azure Blob 存储服务和从其还原。In addition to local storage for storing the backups, SQL Server also supports backup to and restore from the Azure Blob Storage Service. 对于使用 Microsoft Azure Blob 存储服务存储的数据库文件， SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 提供相应的选项让你使用 Azure 快照来实现接近实时的备份和更快的还原。For database files stored using the Microsoft Azure Blob storage service, SQL Server 2016 (13.x) provides the option to use Azure snapshots for nearly instantaneous backups and faster restores. Azure 还为 Azure VM 中运行的 SQL Server 提供企业级备份解决方案。Azure also offers an enterprise-class backup solution for SQL Server running in Azure VMs. 作为完全托管的备份解决方案，它支持 AlwaysOn 可用性组、长期保留、时点恢复以及集中管理和监视。A fully-managed backup solution, it supports Always On availability groups, long-term retention, point-in-time recovery, and central management and monitoring.

为何备份？Why back up?

备份 SQL ServerSQL Server 数据库、在备份上运行测试还原过程以及在另一个安全位置存储备份副本可防止可能的灾难性数据丢失。Backing up your SQL ServerSQL Server databases, running test restores procedures on your backups, and storing copies of backups in a safe, off-site location protects you from potentially catastrophic data loss. 备份是保护数据的唯一方法 。Backing up is the only way to protect your data.

使用有效的数据库备份，可从多种故障中恢复数据，例如：With valid backups of a database, you can recover your data from many failures, such as:

介质故障。Media failure.

用户错误(例如，误删除了某个表)。User errors, for example, dropping a table by mistake.

硬件故障(例如，磁盘驱动器损坏或服务器报废)。Hardware failures, for example, a damaged disk drive or permanent loss of a server.

自然灾难。Natural disasters. 通过使用 SQL Server 备份到 Azure Blob 存储服务，可以在本地位置之外的其他区域创建一个站外备份，这样在发生影响本地位置的自然灾难时仍可以使用数据库。By using SQL Server Backup to Azure Blob storage service, you can create an off-site backup in a different region than your on-premises location, to use in the event of a natural disaster affecting your on-premises location.

此外，数据库备份对于进行日常管理(如将数据库从一台服务器复制到另一台服务器、设置 Always On 可用性组Always On availability groups 或数据库镜像以及进行存档)非常有用。Additionally, backups of a database are useful for routine administrative purposes, such as copying a dat