mysql linux备份_MySQL备份工具之mysqlhotcopy

MySQLhotcopy使用lock tables、flush tables和cp或scp来快速备份数据库.它是备份数据库或单个表最快的途径,完全属于物理备份,但只能用于备份MyISAM存储引擎和运行在数据库目录所在的机器上.与mysqldump备份不同,mysqldump属于逻辑备份,备份时是执行的sql语句.使用mysqlhotcopy命令前需要要安装相应的软件依赖包.

1.安装mysqlhotcopy所依赖的软件包(perl-DBD,DBD-mysql)

[root@tong2 ~]# yum install perl-DBD* -y

[root@tong2 ~]# wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/C/CA/CAPTTOFU/DBD-mysql-4.029.tar.gz

[root@tong2 ~]# tar xvf DBD-mysql-4.029.tar.gz

[root@tong2 ~]# cd DBD-mysql-4.029

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# perl Makefile.PL

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make install

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# echo $?

0

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# cd

[root@tong2 ~]#

2.查看mysqlhotcopy的帮助信息

[root@tong2 ~]# vim /usr/my.cnf    --在配置文件中添加如下参数

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

host=localhost

user=root

password=system

port=3306

[root@tong2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart      --重启服务

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy  --help

Warning: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy Ver 1.23

Usage: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy db_name[./table_regex/] [new_db_name | directory]

-?, --help          display this help-screen and exit

-u, --user=#        user for database login if not current user

-p, --password=#    password to use when connecting to server (if not set

in my.cnf, which is recommended)

-h, --host=#        hostname for local server when connecting over TCP/IP

-P, --port=#        port to use when connecting to local server with TCP/IP

-S, --socket=#      socket to use when connecting to local server

--old_server    connect to old MySQL-server (before v5.5) which

doesn't have FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK fully implemented.

--allowold          don't abort if target dir already exists (rename it _old)    --不覆盖以前备份的文件

--addtodest          don't rename target dir if it exists, just add files to it      --属于增量备份

--keepold            don't delete previous (now renamed) target when done

--noindices          don't include full index files in copy          --不备份索引文件

--method=#          method for copy (only "cp" currently supported)

-q, --quiet          be silent except for errors

--debug              enable debug                                          --启用调试输出

-n, --dryrun        report actions without doing them

--regexp=#          copy all databases with names matching regexp  --使用正规表达式

--suffix=#          suffix for names of copied databases

--checkpoint=#      insert checkpoint entry into specified db.table    --插入检查点条目

--flushlog          flush logs once all tables are locked                    --所有表锁定后刷新日志

--resetmaster        reset the binlog once all tables are locked        --一旦锁表重置binlog文件

--resetslave        reset the master.info once all tables are locked  --一旦锁表重置master.info文件

--tmpdir=#        temporary directory (instead of /tmp)

--record_log_pos=#  record slave and master status in specified db.table

--chroot=#          base directory of chroot jail in which mysqld operates

Try 'perldoc /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy' for more complete documentation

[root@tong2 ~]#

3.备份一个数据库到一个目录中

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system tong /opt/

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/tong/

total 112

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    15 Jan  5 14:35 q.isl

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  8554 Jan  4 18:03 t.frm

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jan  4 18:03 t.ibd

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/tong

total 112

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    15 Jan  5 14:35 q.isl

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  8554 Jan  4 18:03 t.frm

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jan  4 18:03 t.ibd

[root@tong2 ~]#

4.备份多个数据库到一个目录中

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system tong mysql /opt/tong

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/

total 8

drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 mysql

drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 tong

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/{mysql,tong} -d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 /var/lib/mysql/mysql

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 /var/lib/mysql/tong

[root@tong2 ~]#

5.备份数据库中某一个表

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system mysql./user*/ /opt/

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/mysql/

total 20

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 10684 Jan  4 16:49 user.frm

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  784 Jan  4 16:49 user.MYD

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2048 Jan  4 16:49 user.MYI

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.*

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 10684 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.frm

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  784 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2048 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYI

[root@tong2 ~]#

6.恢复数据

[root@tong2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/tong

[root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 29

Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database          |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test              |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

Bye

[root@tong2 ~]# cp -arp /opt/tong /var/lib/mysql/        --将备份的数据移到mysql数据根目录

[root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 30

Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \u tong

Database changed

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_tong |

+----------------+

| t              |

+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

Bye

[root@tong2 ~]#