awk 一行变多行实践

方法一

echo $PATH | awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"}{for(x=1;x<=NF;x++){print $x}}' 

awk规定，对于文本文件，默认情况下，一条记录对应一行，即记录之间的默认分隔符是换行符；而一条记录又可以分为多个字段，默认字段分隔符为空格。
FS：Field Separator，字段分隔符

/usr/local/opt/binutils/bin
/opt/local/bin
/opt/local/sbin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/mysql/bin
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_201.jdk/Contents/Home/bin
.
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_201.jdk/Contents/Home.bin

方法二

echo $PATH | awk 'BEGIN{ RS=":"; } { print $0 }'  

RS：Record Separator，记录分隔符

/usr/local/opt/binutils/bin
/opt/local/bin
/opt/local/sbin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/mysql/bin
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_201.jdk/Contents/Home/bin
.
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_201.jdk/Contents/Home.bin