linux下文件函数,Linux下编程-文件与IO（3）文件共享和fcntl函数

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-24 01:57:27 发布

李首良

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-24 01:57:27 发布

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文章标签： linux下文件函数

Linux下编程------文件与IO(三) 文件共享和fcntl函数

文件共享

072925223

一个进程打开了两个文件

文件表条目(file-table-entry):

1.文件状态标志(file-status-flags): 读/写/追加/同步/非阻塞等;

2.当前文件偏移量

3.v节点指针

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//验证

intmain(intargc,char*argv[])

{

intfd1 = open("test.txt", O_RDONLY);

if(fd1 == -1)

err_exit("fd1 open O_RDONLY error");

intfd2 = open("test.txt", O_RDWR);

if(fd2 == -1)

err_exit("fd2 open O_RDWR error");

//读取fd1

charbuf[BUFSIZ];

if(read(fd1, buf, 10) == -1)

err_exit("read fd1 error");

cout <

//读取fd2

bzero(buf, 10);

if(read(fd2, buf, 10) == -1)

err_exit("read fd1 error");

cout <

lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET);

lseek(fd2, 0, SEEK_SET);

write(fd2, "Helloworld", 10);

bzero(buf, 10);

if(read(fd1, buf, 10) == -1)

err_exit("read fd1 error");

cout <

}

一个进程多次打开同一个文件，文件指针是互不干扰的，因为他们各自维护自己文件表(数据结构)，但是如果修改了文件的内容，那么v结点信息改变，则都会受到影响。

072925226

两个独立的进程打开同一个文件

复制文件描述符

072925227

方法有三种:

1.dup

2.dup2

其中dup2相当于先close在执行dup。

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#include

intdup(intoldfd);

intdup2(intoldfd,intnewfd);

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//示例

intmain(intargc,char*argv[])

{

intfd = open("text.txt", O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC);

if(fd == -1)

err_exit("open O_WRONLY error");

// close(1); //将标准输出关闭, 则文件描述符1将空闲

// int dupfd = dup(fd);

intdupfd = dup2(fd, 1);

cout <

}

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/** 示例: 实现文件拷贝

其中execlp会在后面介绍

**/

intmain(intargc,char*argv[])

{

if(argc

err_quit("usage: ./main file-name1 file-name2");

close(STDIN_FILENO);

open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);

close(STDOUT_FILENO);

open(argv[2], O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666);

execlp("/bin/cat","cat", NULL);

err_exit("execlp error");

}

3.fcntl

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intfcntl(intfd, F_DUPFD, .../* arg */);

//示例见下

fcntl

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#include

intfcntl(intfd,intcmd, .../* arg */);

操纵文件描述符, 改变已经打开的文件的属性

fcntl常用操作(cmd常用取值)

F_DUPFD (long)

复制文件描述符

F_GETFD (void)

F_SETFD (long)

文件描述符标志

F_GETFL (void)

F_SETFL (long)

文件状态标志

F_GETLK

F_SETLK，F_SETLKW(阻塞)

文件锁

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//示例: 复制文件描述符

intmain(intargc,char*argv[])

{

intfd = open("text.txt", O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC);

if(fd == -1)

err_exit("open O_WRONLY error");

close(1); //将标准输出关闭, 则文件描述符1将空闲

// 当cmd使用F_DUPFD时, 第三个参数代表搜索的起始位置

intdupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD, 1);// 1代表: 从1开始搜索一个空闲的文件描述符

if(dupfd

err_exit("fcntl F_DUPFD error");

cout <

}

文件状态标志

F_GETFL(void)

Get the file access mode and the file status flags; arg is ignored.

F_SETFL(int)

Set the file status flags to the value specified by arg. File access mode(O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR) and file creation flags (i.e., O_CREAT, O_EXCL, O_NOCTTY, O_TRUNC) in arg are ignored. On Linux this command can change only the O_APPEND, O_ASYNC, O_DIRECT, O_NOATIME, and O_NONBLOCK flags.

设置文件状态的时候，注意要先使用F_GETFL获取，否则原来的状态会丢失。

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//示例: 给文件描述符0设置成非阻塞模式

intmain(intargc,char*argv[])

{

intflags = fcntl(0, F_GETFL, 0);

if(flags == -1)

err_exit("fcntl get error");

flags |= O_NONBLOCK;

if(fcntl(0, F_SETFL, flags) == -1)

err_exit("fcntl set error");

charbuf[BUFSIZ];

if(read(0, buf,sizeof(buf)) == -1)

err_exit("read STDIN_FILENO error");

cout <

}

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//示例: 文件状态设置与清除(函数封装)

voidset_fl(intfd,intsetFlag)

{

intflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);

if(flags == -1)

err_exit("fcntl get flags error");

//设置状态

flags |= setFlag;

if(fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) == -1)

err_exit("fcntl set flags error");

}

voidclr_fl(intfd,intclrFlag)

{

intflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);

if(flags == -1)

err_exit("fcntl get flags error");

//清除状态

flags &= ~clrFlag;

if(fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) == -1)

err_exit("fcntl set flags error");

}

//测试

intmain(intargc,char*argv[])

{

set_fl(0, O_NONBLOCK);

clr_fl(0, O_NONBLOCK);

charbuf[BUFSIZ];

if(read(0, buf,sizeof(buf)) == -1)

err_exit("read STDIN_FILENO error");

cout <

}

文件锁

F_SETLK(struct flock *)

Acquire a lock (when l_type is F_RDLCK or F_WRLCK) or release a lock (when l_type is F_UNLCK) on the bytes specified by the l_whence, l_start, and l_len fields of lock. If a conflicting lock is held by another process, this call returns -1 and sets errno to EACCES or EAGAIN.

F_SETLKW(struct flock *) 如果加锁不成功:会一直阻塞直到解锁

As for F_SETLK, but if a conflicting lock is held on the file, then wait for that lock to be released. If a signal is caught while waiting, then the call is interrupted and (after the signal handler has returned) returns immediately (with return value -1 and errno set to EINTR; see signal(7)).

F_GETLK(struct flock *)

On input to this call, lock describes a lock we would like to place on the file.

If the lock could be placed, fcntl() does not actually place it, but returns F_UNLCK in the l_type field of lock and leaves the other fields of the structure unchanged. If one or more incompatible locks would prevent this lock being placed, then fcntl() returns details about one of these locks in the l_type, l_whence, l_start, and l_len fields of lock and sets l_pid to be the PID of the process holding that lock.

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//文件锁结构体

structflock

{

...

shortl_type;/* Type of lock: F_RDLCK,

F_WRLCK, F_UNLCK */

shortl_whence;/* How to interpret l_start:

SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END */

off_t l_start; /* Starting offset for lock */

off_t l_len; /* Number of bytes to lock */