linux硬件命令大全,Linux硬件信息命令大全

硬件信息

在linux系统中，有很多命令可以用于查询主机的硬件信息，有些命令仅仅针对于特定的硬件部件，比如cpu，内存等，而有些命令可以查询很多的硬件信息。

这篇帖子简单地带大家了解一下最常用的查询各种硬件信息的命令，其中包括lscpu,hwinfo,lshw,dmidecode,lspci等等。

1. lscpu

lscpu命令可以用来查询处理器cpu的详细信息，只需要简单地输入lscpu即可，如下所示，它本身也没有提供更多选项和功能可供选择。

$ lscpu

Architecture:x86_64

CPU op-mode(s):32-bit,64-bit

ByteOrder:LittleEndian

CPU(s):4

On-line CPU(s)list:0-3

Thread(s)per core:1

Core(s)per socket:4

Socket(s):1

NUMA node(s):1

VendorID:GenuineIntel

CPU family:6

Model:23

Stepping:10

CPUMHz:1998.000

BogoMIPS:5302.48

Virtualization:VT-x

L1d cache:32K

L1i cache:32K

L2 cache:2048K

NUMA node0 CPU(s):0-3

2. lshw - 显示硬件信息列表

这个命令用途广泛，它可以根据你的需求以详细或概要的形式列出许多个不同硬件的参数信息，其中包括cpu，内存，磁盘，usb控制器，网卡等等，lshw实质上是从/proc文件目录下的不同文件中提取对应的硬件信息。

$ sudo lshw-short

H/W pathDeviceClassDescription

===================================================

system()

/0bus DG35EC

/0/0processorIntel(R)Core(TM)2QuadCPU Q8400@2.66GHz

/0/0/1memory2MiBL2 cache

/0/0/3memory32KiBL1 cache

/0/2memory32KiBL1 cache

/0/4memory64KiBBIOS

/0/14memory8GiBSystemMemory

/0/14/0memory2GiBDIMM DDR2Synchronous667MHz(1.5ns)

/0/14/1memory2GiBDIMM DDR2Synchronous667MHz(1.5ns)

/0/14/2memory2GiBDIMM DDR2Synchronous667MHz(1.5ns)

/0/14/3memory2GiBDIMM DDR2Synchronous667MHz(1.5ns)

/0/100bridge82G35ExpressDRAMController

/0/100/2display82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController

/0/100/2.1display82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController

/0/100/19eth0 network82566DCGigabitNetworkConnection

/0/100/1abus82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#4

/0/100/1a.1bus82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#5

/0/100/1a.7bus82801H(ICH8Family)USB2 EHCIController#2

/0/100/1bmultimedia82801H(ICH8Family)HDAudioController

/0/100/1cbridge82801H(ICH8Family)PCIExpressPort1

/0/100/1c.1bridge82801H(ICH8Family)PCIExpressPort2

/0/100/1c.2bridge82801H(ICH8Family)PCIExpressPort3

/0/100/1c.2/0storage JMB368 IDE controller

/0/100/1dbus82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#1

/0/100/1d.1bus82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#2

/0/100/1d.2bus82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#3

/0/100/1d.7bus82801H(ICH8Family)USB2 EHCIController#1

/0/100/1ebridge82801PCIBridge

/0/100/1e/5bus FW322/323[TrueFire]1394aController

/0/100/1fbridge82801HB/HR(ICH8/R)LPCInterfaceController

/0/100/1f.2storage82801H(ICH8Family)4port SATAController[IDE mode]

/0/100/1f.3bus82801H(ICH8Family)SMBusController

/0/100/1f.5storage82801HR/HO/HH(ICH8R/DO/DH)2port SATAController[IDE m

/0/1scsi3 storage

/0/1/0.0.0/dev/sda disk500GBST3500418AS

/0/1/0.0.0/1/dev/sda1 volume70GiBWindowsNTFS volume

/0/1/0.0.0/2/dev/sda2 volume395GiBExtendedpartition

/0/1/0.0.0/2/5/dev/sda5 volume97GiBHPFS/NTFS partition

/0/1/0.0.0/2/6/dev/sda6 volume97GiBLinuxfilesystem partition

/0/1/0.0.0/2/7/dev/sda7 volume1952MiBLinuxswap/Solarispartition

/0/1/0.0.0/2/8/dev/sda8 volume198GiBLinuxfilesystem partition

/0/3scsi4 storage

/0/3/0.0.0/dev/cdrom disk DVD RW DRU-190A

点击下面的帖子，可以对lshw有更多的了解。

3. hwinfo - Hardware Information

hwinfo同样是一个使用非常广泛的硬件信息查询命令，类似于lshw，它同样可以详细或概要地报告多个部件的硬件信息，但不同的是，它有时可以给出比lshw更多的信息。

$ hwinfo--short

cpu:

Intel(R)Core(TM)2QuadCPU Q8400@2.66GHz,2000MHz

Intel(R)Core(TM)2QuadCPU Q8400@2.66GHz,2000MHz

Intel(R)Core(TM)2QuadCPU Q8400@2.66GHz,2666MHz

Intel(R)Core(TM)2QuadCPU Q8400@2.66GHz,2666MHz

keyboard:

/dev/input/event2 ATTranslatedSet2keyboard

mouse:

/dev/input/miceMicrosoftBasicOpticalMousev2.0

graphics card:

Intel965G-1

Intel82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController

sound:

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)HDAudioController

storage:

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)4port SATA IDEController

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)2port SATA IDEController

JMicronJMB368 IDE controller

network:

eth0Intel82566DCGigabitNetworkConnection

networkinterface:

eth0Ethernetnetworkinterface

loLoopbacknetworkinterface

disk:

/dev/sda ST3500418AS

partition:

/dev/sda1Partition

/dev/sda2Partition

/dev/sda5Partition

/dev/sda6Partition

/dev/sda7Partition

/dev/sda8Partition

cdrom:

/dev/sr0 SONY DVD RW DRU-190A

usb controller:

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#4

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#5

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)USB2 EHCIController#2

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#1

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#2

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#3

Intel82801H(ICH8Family)USB2 EHCIController#1

bios:

BIOS

...TRUNCATED...

点击下面的链接可以查看更多关于hwinfo的信息。

4. lspci - 显示pci总线相关信息

lscpi命令可以列出pci总线上信息，以及所有连接到pci总线上的设备信息，比如VGA适配器，显卡，网卡，usb端口，sata控制器等等。

$ lspci

00:00.0Hostbridge:IntelCorporation82G35ExpressDRAMController(rev03)

00:02.0VGA compatible controller:IntelCorporation82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController(rev03)

00:02.1Displaycontroller:IntelCorporation82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController(rev03)

00:19.0Ethernetcontroller:IntelCorporation82566DCGigabitNetworkConnection(rev02)

00:1a.0USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#4 (rev 02)

00:1a.1USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#5 (rev 02)

00:1a.7USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)USB2 EHCIController#2 (rev 02)

00:1b.0Audiodevice:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)HDAudioController(rev02)

00:1c.0PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)PCIExpressPort1(rev02)

00:1c.1PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)PCIExpressPort2(rev02)

00:1c.2PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)PCIExpressPort3(rev02)

00:1d.0USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#1 (rev 02)

00:1d.1USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#2 (rev 02)

00:1d.2USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)USB UHCIController#3 (rev 02)

00:1d.7USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)USB2 EHCIController#1 (rev 02)

00:1e.0PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801PCIBridge(rev f2)

00:1f.0ISA bridge:IntelCorporation82801HB/HR(ICH8/R)LPCInterfaceController(rev02)

00:1f.2IDEinterface:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)4port SATAController[IDE mode](rev02)

00:1f.3SMBus:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8Family)SMBusController(rev02)

00:1f.5IDEinterface:IntelCorporation82801HR/HO/HH(ICH8R/DO/DH)2port SATAController[IDE mode](rev02)

03:00.0IDEinterface:JMicronTechnologyCorp.JMB368 IDE controller

04:05.0FireWire(IEEE1394):LSICorporationFW322/323[TrueFire]1394aController(rev70)

可以使用grep命令筛选出特定的设备信息。

$ lspci-v|grep"VGA"-A12

5. lsscsi - 列出scsi设备信息

列出scsi/sata设备信息，比如硬盘驱动器，光盘驱动器。

$ lsscsi

[3:0:0:0]disk ATA ST3500418AS CC38/dev/sda

[4:0:0:0]cd/dvd SONY DVD RW DRU-190A1.63/dev/sr0

6. lsusb - 列出usb总线信息，及设备信息

该命令可以显示USB控制器及连接到控制的设备信息。默认情况下，只显示概要信息，可以通过-v选项指示其显示更多的硬件信息。

$ lsusb

Bus002Device001:ID1d6b:0002LinuxFoundation2.0root hub

Bus007Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1root hub

Bus006Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1root hub

Bus005Device002:ID045e:00cbMicrosoftCorp.BasicOpticalMousev2.0

Bus005Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1root hub

Bus001Device001:ID1d6b:0002LinuxFoundation2.0root hub

Bus004Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1root hub

Bus003Device001:ID1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1root hub

上面信息显示，在该系统中，有一个usb端口正被鼠标占用。

7. Inxi

inxi命令是一个大的bash脚本文件，其通过从不同的信息来源和命令中获取硬件信息，最后能给出一个颜色高亮的，适合于非专业人员阅读的硬件信息报告。

$ inxi-Fx

8. lsblk - 列出块设备信息

列出所有块设备信息，其中包括硬盘分区信息，以及其他存储设备，如光盘，闪存等。

$ lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda8:00465.8G0disk

├─sda18:1070G0part

├─sda28:201K0part

├─sda58:5097.7G0part/media/4668484A68483B47

├─sda68:6097.7G0part/

├─sda78:701.9G0part[SWAP]

└─sda88:80198.5G0part/media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1

sr011:011024M0rom