Spring-AOP 之基本概念

参考文献：《Java EE互联网轻量级框架整合开发 SSM框架（Spring MVC+Spring+MyBatis）和Redis实现》

Spring 官网，更多参考官网，官网更加准确

1，切面（aspect）：一个切入多个类的模块。java中可以理解为拦截器类。他包含了很多方法。【重要】

Aspect: a modularization of a concern that cuts across multiple classes. Transaction management is a good example of a crosscutting concern in enterprise Java applications. In Spring AOP, aspects are implemented using regular classes (the schema-based approach) or regular classes annotated with the @Aspect annotation (the @AspectJ style).

2，通知（advice）：切面开启后，被执行的方法。【重要】

Advice: action taken by an aspect at a particular join point. Different types of advice include "around", "before" and "after" advice. (Advice types are discussed below.) Many AOP frameworks, including Spring, model an advice as an interceptor, maintaining a chain of interceptors around the join point.

• 前置通知（before）：进入被代理的方法之前调用。
• 后置通知（after）：被代理的方法后调用，无论是否异常，就一定会调用。
• 返回通知（afterReturnning）：被代理的方法调用成功后调用。
• 异常通知（afterThrowing）：被代理的方法，调用异常后调用。
• 环绕通知（aroundThrowing）：将被代理的方法封装起来，并用环绕通知取代他。

3，引入（introduction）：加入切入点的动作；为类型声明额外的方法或字段；

Introduction: declaring additional methods or fields on behalf of a type. Spring AOP allows you to introduce new interfaces (and a corresponding implementation) to any advised object. For example, you could use an introduction to make a bean implement an IsModified interface, to simplify caching. (An introduction is known as an inter-type declaration in the AspectJ community.)

4，切点（pointcut）：符合连接点条件的一个断言【重要】

Pointcut: a predicate that matches join points. Advice is associated with a pointcut expression and runs at any join point matched by the pointcut (for example, the execution of a method with a certain name). The concept of join points as matched by pointcut expressions is central to AOP, and Spring uses the AspectJ pointcut expression language by default.

5，连接点（join point）：执行代码的一个点，spring中为一个方法【重要】

Join point: a point during the execution of a program, such as the execution of a method or the handling of an exception. In Spring AOP, a join point always represents a method execution.

6，织入( linking aspects )：生成代理对象的过程

linking aspects with other application types or objects to create an advised object. This can be done at compile time (using the AspectJ compiler, for example), load time, or at runtime. Spring AOP, like other pure Java AOP frameworks, performs weaving at runtime.

7，目标对象（Target object）：

Target object: object being advised by one or more aspects. Also referred to as the advised object. Since Spring AOP is implemented using runtime proxies, this object will always be a proxied object.

8，AOP 代理（AOP proxy:）

AOP proxy: an object created by the AOP framework in order to implement the aspect contracts (advise method executions and so on). In the Spring Framework, an AOP proxy will be a JDK dynamic proxy or a CGLIB proxy.