概述
ORM映射为我们带来便利的同时,也失去了较大灵活性,如果SQL较复杂,要进行动态查询,那必定是一件头疼的事情(也可能是lz还没发现好的方法),记录下自己用的三种复杂查询方式。
环境
springBoot
IDEA2017.3.4
JDK8
pom.xml
4.0.0
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
2.1.6.RELEASE
com.xmlxy
seasgame
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
seasgame
Demo project for Spring Boot
1.8
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
mysql
mysql-connector-java
runtime
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-devtools
runtime
true
org.projectlombok
lombok
true
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
io.springfox
springfox-swagger2
2.8.0
io.springfox
springfox-swagger-ui
2.8.0
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-configuration-processor
true
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-security
net.sf.json-lib
json-lib
2.2.2
jdk15
com.belerweb
pinyin4j
2.5.1
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
javax.servlet
javax.servlet-api
3.1.0
provided
war
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-compiler-plugin
1.8
1.8
seasgame
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-compiler-plugin
2.3.2
${project.build.sourceEncoding}
1.7
1.7
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-surefire-plugin
true
@Query
当一个SQL较为复杂时,第一个想到的就是原生的SQL语句。如果只是简单的查询,那情况还没这么糟糕
@Query(value = " SELECT IFNULL(sum(right_num),0) sumRight FROM t_record WHERE record_owner_id = ?1 AND responder_no = ?2 ",nativeQuery = true)
Map sumRightNum(int studentId,int responderNo);
但如果需要进行动态查询,或更改,那这个value就变得复杂了。
packagecom.xmlxy.seasgame.dao;importcom.xmlxy.seasgame.entity.ScoreEntity;importorg.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;importorg.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;importorg.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;importorg.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;importorg.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;importjava.util.List;/***
* Description:
*@authorhwc
* @date 2019/9/5
*@return
*/
public interface ScoreDao extends CrudRepository{/***
* Description:
*@paramscoreEntity
*@authorhwc
* @date 2019/9/6*/@Transactional(rollbackFor= Exception.class)
@Modifying
@Query(value= "UPDATE t_score t SET " +
"t.responder_no = CASE WHEN :#{#scoreEntity.responderNo} IS NULL THEN t.responder_no ELSE :#{#scoreEntity.responderNo} END," +
"t.max_level = CASE WHEN :#{#scoreEntity.maxLevel} IS NULL THEN t.max_level ELSE :#{#scoreEntity.maxLevel} END," +
"t.right_num = CASE WHEN :#{#scoreEntity.rightNum} IS NULL THEN t.right_num ELSE :#{#scoreEntity.rightNum} END," +
"t.use_time = CASE WHEN :#{#scoreEntity.userTime} IS NULL THEN t.use_time ELSE :#{#scoreEntity.userTime} END WHERE student_id = :#{#scoreEntity.getStudentId()}",nativeQuery = true)void updateScore(@Param("scoreEntity") ScoreEntity scoreEntity);
}
JPQL
如果Java代码内发出JPQL查询,就需要利用到EntityManager的响应方法了。一般执行以下流程
获取一个EntityManager实例
调用实例的方法createQuery,创建一个Query实例,如果有需要可以指定检索的最大数量和起始位置
使用Query方法getResultList执行查询,当然更新和删除操作得使用executeUpdate执行
进行一个复杂的动态SQL查询
public Page getScoreByRank(int gradeId,int classId,Pageable pageable)
{
StringBuilder countSelectSql = new StringBuilder("");
countSelectSql.append(" SELECT COUNT(*) ");
countSelectSql.append(" FROM ");
countSelectSql.append(" t_score s, ");
countSelectSql.append(" t_student st ");
countSelectSql.append(" WHERE ");
countSelectSql.append(" s.student_id = st.student_id ");
StringBuilder selectSql = new StringBuilder();
selectSql.append(" SELECT s.student_id,st.real_name,st.student_class,s.max_level,s.use_time,s.right_num ");
selectSql.append(" FROM t_score s ");
selectSql.append(" JOIN t_student st ON s.student_id = st.student_id ");
selectSql.append(" WHERE 1 = 1 ");
Map params = new HashMap<>();
StringBuilder whereSql = new StringBuilder();
if (gradeId != -1)
{
whereSql.append(" AND st.student_grade = :student_grade ");
params.put("student_grade",gradeId);
}
/**班级ID*/
if (classId != -1)
{
whereSql.append(" AND st.student_class = :classId ");
params.put("classId",classId);
}
String orderSql = " ORDER BY s.max_level DESC,s.use_time,s.right_num ASC ";
String countSql = new StringBuilder().append(countSelectSql).append(whereSql).toString();
Query countQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(countSql);
for (Map.Entry entry : params.entrySet())
{
countQuery.setParameter(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
}
BigInteger totalCount = (BigInteger)countQuery.getSingleResult();
String querySql = new StringBuilder().append(selectSql).append(whereSql).append(orderSql).toString();
Query query = entityManager.createNativeQuery(querySql,RankEntity.class);
for (Map.Entry entry:params.entrySet())
{
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
}
query.setFirstResult((int) pageable.getOffset());
query.setMaxResults(pageable.getPageSize());
List rankEntities = query.getResultList();
Page page = new PageImpl<>(rankEntities,pageable,totalCount.longValue());
return page;
}
注意:如果没有重新定义Pageable那么pageNumber必须减1,因为是从0开始的。
Criteria
这是一种规范查询是以元模型的概念为基础的,这个元模型可以是实体累,嵌入类,或者映射的父类,简单介绍几个里面用到接口。
CriteraQuery是一个特定的顶层查询对象,里面包含select,from,where,order by等各个部分,然而他只对实体类或嵌入类的标准查询起作用。
Root标准查询的根对象,根定义了实体类型,是你想要查询要获得的结果,也可以添加查询条件,结合实体管理对象得到查询的对象。
CriteriaBuilder接口用来构建CritiaQuery的构建器
StudentEntity类
packagecom.xmlxy.seasgame.entity;importio.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;importlombok.Data;import javax.persistence.*;importjavax.print.attribute.standard.MediaSize;importjava.io.Serializable;/***
* Description:学生对象
*@param*@authorhwc
* @date 2019/8/8*/@Entity
@Table(name= "t_base_student")
@ApiModel
@Datapublic class StudentEntity implementsSerializable
{private static final long serialVersionUID = 546L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column(name= "student_id")privateInteger studentId;
@Column(name= "student_grade")privateInteger studentGrade;
@Column(name= "student_class")privateInteger studentClass;
@Column(name= "address")privateString address;
@Column(name= "telephone")privateInteger telephone;
@Column(name= "real_name")privateString realName;
@Column(name= "id_number")privateString idNumber;
@Column(name= "study_id")privateString studyId;
@Column(name= "is_delete")private intisDelete;
@Column(name= "uuid")privateString uuid;
}
dao层
public interface StudentDao extends JpaRepository,JpaSpecificationExecutor
{
}
动态查询
public Page getTeacherClassStudent(int pageNumber,int pageSize,int gradeId, intclassId,String keyword)
{
pageNumber= pageNumber < 0 ? 0: pageNumber;
pageSize= pageSize < 0 ? 10: pageSize;
Specification specification = new Specification()
{
@Overridepublic Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery>criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder)
{//page : 0 开始, limit : 默认为 10
List predicates = new ArrayList<>();
predicates.add(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("studentGrade"),gradeId));
predicates.add(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("studentClass"),classId));if (!Constant.isEmptyString(keyword))
{
predicates.add(criteriaBuilder.like(root.get("realName").as(String.class),"%" + keyword + "%"));
}return criteriaBuilder.and(predicates.toArray(newPredicate[predicates.size()]));
}
};/*studentId必须是实体类属性与数据库对应,否则报ropertyReferenceException异常*/PageRequest page= new PageRequest(pageNumber,pageSize,Sort.Direction.ASC,"studentId");
Page pages =studentDao.findAll(specification,page);returnpages;
}
因为这个项目应用比较简单,所以条件只有一个,如果条件较多,甚至可以定义一个专门的类去接收拼接参数,然后判断,成立就add进去。