bootsect Linux,Linux 内核解读之Boot-- -bootsect

Linux 内核解读之Boot-- -bootsect

linux bootsect的作用于结构图如下

*以下文章是对linux低版本的理解与分享，参考到来自多方面的文章和自己作为一个coder的心得.

Linux 内核的结构模式是一种操作系统的经典模式，从系统加载开始我们就会用bootsect来把image

加载进内存，其实我们在涉及相关的系统设计时，往往可以看到系统有loader,booter,bootloader之类的东西，

这是一种模式，booter里面可以做很多东西，比如image通过压缩，把文件信息缩小，在加载到memory时

解压可以减少flash的容量需要，也可以加入高级安全之类的验证信息，同时在booter阶段起来就开始做

系统与外部设备的检测也可大量缩减测试时间.

*现在我们开始走进linux的bootsect.s之前

1，需要理解AT&T 汇编

说到汇编，估计80X86的汇编算是比较难的了，相对单片机，ARM MIPS等汇编来说。

而且涉及到AT&T汇编还看起来有点不一样

2，需要理解BIOS

BIOS的原意是"Basic Input Output System“,即基本输入输出系统，其实就是一个主板的片上系统，起机的

时候从ROM里面开始跑起，跑完后再开始跑bootsect

*现在我们开始走进linux的bootsect.s

bootsect程序流程图如下:

(待续)

! ! SYS_SIZE is the number of clicks (16 bytes) to be loaded. ! 0x3000 is 0x30000 bytes = 196kB, more than enough for current ! versions of linux ! SYSSIZE = 0x3000 ! !bootsect.s(C) 1991 Linus Torvalds ! ! bootsect.s is loaded at 0x7c00 by the bios-startup routines, and moves ! iself out of the way to address 0x90000, and jumps there. ! ! It then loads 'setup' directly after itself (0x90200), and the system ! at 0x10000, using BIOS interrupts. ! ! NOTE! currently system is at most 8*65536 bytes long. This should be no ! problem, even in the future. I want to keep it simple. This 512 kB ! kernel size should be enough, especially as this doesn't contain the ! buffer cache as in minix ! ! The loader has been made as simple as possible, and continuos ! read errors will result in a unbreakable loop. Reboot by hand. It ! loads pretty fast by getting whole sectors at a time whenever possible.

.globl begtext, begdata, begbss, endtext, enddata, endbss .text begtext: .data begdata: .bss begbss: .text

SETUPLEN = 4! nr of setup-sectors BOOTSEG = 0x07c0! original address of boot-sector INITSEG = 0x9000! we move boot here - out of the way SETUPSEG = 0x9020! setup starts here SYSSEG = 0x1000! system loaded at 0x10000 (65536). ENDSEG = SYSSEG + SYSSIZE! where to stop loading

! ROOT_DEV:0x000 - same type of floppy as boot. !0x301 - first partition on first drive etc ROOT_DEV = 0x306

entry start start: movax,#BOOTSEG

movds,ax

movax,#INITSEG

moves,ax

movcx,#256

subsi,si

subdi,di

rep

movw

jmpigo,INITSEG go:movax,cs movds,ax

moves,ax ! put stack at 0x9ff00. movss,ax

movsp,#0xFF00! arbitrary value >>512

! load the setup-sectors directly after the bootblock. ! Note that 'es' is already set up.

load_setup: movdx,#0x0000! drive 0, head 0

movcx,#0x0002! sector 2, track 0

movbx,#0x0200! address = 512, in INITSEG

movax,#0x0200+SETUPLEN! service 2, nr of sectors

int0x13! read it

jncok_load_setup! ok - continue

movdx,#0x0000

movax,#0x0000! reset the diskette

int0x13

jload_setup

ok_load_setup:

! Get disk drive parameters, specifically nr of sectors/track

movdl,#0x00

movax,#0x0800! AH=8 is get drive parameters

int0x13

movch,#0x00

seg cs

movsectors,cx

movax,#INITSEG

moves,ax

! Print some inane message

movah,#0x03! read cursor pos

xorbh,bh

int0x10

movcx,#24

movbx,#0x0007! page 0, attribute 7 (normal)

movbp,#msg1

movax,#0x1301! write string, move cursor

int0x10

! ok, we've written the message, now ! we want to load the system (at 0x10000)

movax,#SYSSEG

moves,ax! segment of 0x010000

callread_it

callkill_motor

! After that we check which root-device to use. If the device is ! defined (!= 0), nothing is done and the given device is used. ! Otherwise, either /dev/PS0 (2,28) or /dev/at0 (2,8), depending ! on the number of sectors that the BIOS reports currently.

seg cs

movax,root_dev

cmpax,#0

jneroot_defined

seg cs

movbx,sectors

movax,#0x0208! /dev/ps0 - 1.2Mb

cmpbx,#15

jeroot_defined

movax,#0x021c! /dev/PS0 - 1.44Mb

cmpbx,#18

jeroot_defined undef_root: jmp undef_root root_defined: seg cs

movroot_dev,ax

! after that (everyting loaded), we jump to ! the setup-routine loaded directly after ! the bootblock:

jmpi0,SETUPSEG

! This routine loads the system at address 0x10000, making sure ! no 64kB boundaries are crossed. We try to load it as fast as ! possible, loading whole tracks whenever we can. ! ! in:es - starting address segment (normally 0x1000) ! sread:.word 1+SETUPLEN! sectors read of current track head:.word 0! current head track:.word 0! current track

read_it: mov ax,es

test ax,#0x0fff die:jne die! es must be at 64kB boundary xor bx,bx! bx is starting address within segment rp_read: mov ax,es

cmp ax,#ENDSEG! have we loaded all yet?

jb ok1_read

ret ok1_read: seg cs

mov ax,sectors

sub ax,sread

mov cx,ax

shl cx,#9

add cx,bx

jnc ok2_read

je ok2_read

xor ax,ax

sub ax,bx

shr ax,#9 ok2_read: call read_track

mov cx,ax

add ax,sread

seg cs

cmp ax,sectors

jne ok3_read

mov ax,#1

sub ax,head

jne ok4_read

inc track ok4_read: mov head,ax

xor ax,ax ok3_read: mov sread,ax

shl cx,#9

add bx,cx

jnc rp_read

mov ax,es

add ax,#0x1000

mov es,ax

xor bx,bx

jmp rp_read

read_track: push ax

push bx

push cx

push dx

mov dx,track

mov cx,sread

inc cx

mov ch,dl

mov dx,head

mov dh,dl

mov dl,#0

and dx,#0x0100

mov ah,#2

int 0x13

jc bad_rt

pop dx

pop cx

pop bx

pop ax

ret bad_rt:mov ax,#0 mov dx,#0

int 0x13

pop dx

pop cx

pop bx

pop ax

jmp read_track

/*

* This procedure turns off the floppy drive motor, so

* that we enter the kernel in a known state, and

* don't have to worry about it later.

*/ kill_motor: push dx

mov dx,#0x3f2

mov al,#0

outb

pop dx

ret

sectors: .word 0

msg1: .byte 13,10

.ascii "Loading system ..."

.byte 13,10,13,10

.org 508 root_dev: .word ROOT_DEV boot_flag: .word 0xAA55

.text endtext: .data enddata: .bss endbss: