mysql代理和sqserver代理_ProxySQL+Mysql实现数据库读写分离实战

ProxySQL介绍

ProxySQL是一个高性能的MySQL中间件，拥有强大的规则引擎。具有以下特性：http://www.proxysql.com/

1、连接池，而且是multiplexing

2、主机和用户的最大连接数限制

3、自动下线后端DB

延迟超过阀值

ping 延迟超过阀值

网络不通或宕机

4、强大的规则路由引擎

实现读写分离

查询重写

sql流量镜像

5、支持prepared statement

6、支持Query Cache

7、支持负载均衡，与gelera结合自动failover

整体环境介绍

1、系统环境

三台服务器系统环境一致如下

[root@db1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

[root@db1 ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

2、IP地址与软件版本

proxy 192.168.22.171

db1 192.168.22.173

db2 192.168.22.174

mysql 5.7.17

proxy sql 1.4.8

3、关闭防火墙、selinux

systemctl stop firewalld #停止防火墙服务

systemctl disable firewalld #禁止开机自启动

sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/conf && reboot

#用sed命令替换的试修改selinux的配置文件

4、mysql安装与主从同步

安装请参考以下文章

LAMP架构应用实战——MySQL服务

主从同步请参以下文章

安装布署过程

1、数据库主从同步

查看主从同步状态

mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.22.173

Master_User: rep

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: master-log.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154

Relay_Log_File: db2-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 321

Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154

Relay_Log_Space: 526

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1

Master_UUID: 70a61633-63ae-11e8-ab86-000c29fe99ea

Master_Info_File: /mysqldata/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

检测主从同步

[root@db1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "create database testdb;"

Enter password:

[root@db1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "show databases;" |grep testdb

Enter password:

testdb

#db2上查看是否同步

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

| testdb |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2、准备proxySQL软件

[root@proxy ~]# wget https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/download/v1.4.8/proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm

[root@proxy ~]# ll proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5977168 Apr 10 11:38 proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm

3、安装配置

[root@proxy ~]# yum install -y proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm

[root@proxy ~]# rpm -ql proxysql

/etc/init.d/proxysql #启动脚本

/etc/proxysql.cnf #配置文件，仅在第一次(/var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db文件不存在)启动时有效。启#动后可以在proxysql管理端中通过修改数据库的方式修改配置并生效(官方推荐方式。)

/usr/bin/proxysql #主程序文件

/usr/share/proxysql/tools/proxysql_galera_checker.sh

/usr/share/proxysql/tools/proxysql_galera_writer.pl

4、配置文件详解

[root@proxy ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/proxysql.cnf

datadir="/var/lib/proxysql" #数据目录

admin_variables=

{

admin_credentials="admin:admin" #连接管理端的用户名与密码

mysql_ifaces="0.0.0.0:6032" #管理端口，用来连接proxysql的管理数据库

}

mysql_variables=

{

threads=4 #指定转发端口开启的线程数量

max_connections=2048

default_query_delay=0

default_query_timeout=36000000

have_compress=true

poll_timeout=2000

interfaces="0.0.0.0:6033" #指定转发端口，用于连接后端mysql数据库的，相当于代理作用

default_schema="information_schema"

stacksize=1048576

server_version="5.5.30" #指定后端mysql的版本

connect_timeout_server=3000

monitor_username="monitor"

monitor_password="monitor"

monitor_history=600000

monitor_connect_interval=60000

monitor_ping_interval=10000

monitor_read_only_interval=1500

monitor_read_only_timeout=500

ping_interval_server_msec=120000

ping_timeout_server=500

commands_stats=true

sessions_sort=true

connect_retries_on_failure=10

}

mysql_servers =

(

)

mysql_users:

(

)

mysql_query_rules:

(

)

scheduler=

(

)

mysql_replication_hostgroups=

(

)

#因此我们使用官方推荐的方式来配置proxy sql

5、启动服务并查看

[root@proxy ~]# /etc/init.d/proxysql start

Starting ProxySQL: DONE!

[root@proxy ~]# ss -lntup|grep proxy

tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6032 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=1199,fd=23))

tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=1199,fd=22))

tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=1199,fd=21))

tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=1199,fd=20))

tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",pid=1199,fd=19))

#可以看出转发端口6033是启动了四个线程

6、在mysql上配置账号并授权

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'proxysql'@'192.168.22.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

7、proxysql默认数据库说明

[root@proxy ~]# yum install mysql -y

[root@proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+

| seq | name | file |

+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+

| 0 | main | |

| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |

| 3 | stats | |

| 4 | monitor | |

| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |

+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

main：内存配置数据库，表里存放后端db实例、用户验证、路由规则等信息。表名以 runtime_开头的表示proxysql当前运行的配置内容，不能通过dml语句修改，只能修改对应的不以 runtime_ 开头的(在内存)里的表，然后 LOAD 使其生效， SAVE 使其存到硬盘以供下次重启加载。

disk：是持久化到硬盘的配置，sqlite数据文件。

stats：是proxysql运行抓取的统计信息，包括到后端各命令的执行次数、流量、processlist、查询种类汇总/执行时间等等。

monitor：库存储 monitor 模块收集的信息，主要是对后端db的健康/延迟检查。

8、proxysql的配置系统

ProxySQL具有一个复杂但易于使用的配置系统，可以满足以下需求：

1、允许轻松动态更新配置(这是为了让ProxySQL用户可以在需要零宕机时间配置的大型基础架构中使用它)。与MySQL兼容的管理界面可用于此目的。

2、允许尽可能多的配置项目动态修改，而不需要重新启动ProxySQL进程

3、可以毫不费力地回滚无效配置

4、这是通过多级配置系统实现的，其中设置从运行时移到内存，并根据需要持久保存到磁盘。

3级配置由以下几层组成：

+-------------------------+

| RUNTIME |

+-------------------------+

/|\ |

| |

[1] | [2] |

| \|/

+-------------------------+

| MEMORY |

+-------------------------+ _

/|\ | |\

| | \

[3] | [4] | \ [5]

| \|/ \

+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+

| DISK | | CONFIG FILE |

+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+

参考文章：https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/wiki/Configuring-ProxySQL

9、配置proxysql管理用户

proxysql默认的表信息如下

MySQL [main]> show tables;

+--------------------------------------------+

| tables |

+--------------------------------------------+

| global_variables |

| mysql_collations |

| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |

| mysql_query_rules |

| mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |

| mysql_replication_hostgroups |

| mysql_servers |

| mysql_users |

| proxysql_servers |

| runtime_checksums_values |

| runtime_global_variables |

| runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |

| runtime_mysql_query_rules |

| runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |

| runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups |

| runtime_mysql_servers |

| runtime_mysql_users |

| runtime_proxysql_servers |

| runtime_scheduler |

| scheduler |

+--------------------------------------------+

20 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#这里是使用insert into语句来动态配置，而可以不需要重启

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(1,'db1','3306',1,'Write Group');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(2,'db2','3307',1,'Read Group');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers;

+--------------+----------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+

| hostgroup_id | hostname | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |

+--------------+----------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+

| 1 | db1 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Write Group |

| 2 | db2 | 3307 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Read Group |

+--------------+----------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#接下来将刚刚在mysql客户端创建的用户写入到proxy sql主机的mysql_users表中，它也是用于proxysql客户端访问数据库，默认组是写组，当读写分离规则出现问题时，它会直接访问默认组的数据库。

MySQL [main]> INSERT INTO mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) VALUES ('proxysql','123456',1);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [main]> select * from mysql_users;

+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+

| username | password | active | use_ssl | default_hostgroup | default_schema | schema_locked | transaction_persistent | fast_forward | backend | frontend | max_connections |

+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+

| proxysql | 123456 | 1 | 0 | 1 | NULL | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10000 |

+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在mysql上添加监控的用户

mysql> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'monitor'@'192.168.22.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'monitor';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#在proxysql主机端配置监控用户

MySQL [main]> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [main]> set mysql-monitor_password='monitor';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

#参考文章：https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/wiki/ProxySQL-Configuration

10、配置proxysql的转发规则

MySQL [main]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',1,1);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MySQL [main]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(2,1,'^SELECT',2,1);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [main]> select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules;

+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+

| rule_id | active | match_digest | destination_hostgroup | apply |

+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+

| 1 | 1 | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 1 | 1 |

| 2 | 1 | ^SELECT | 2 | 1 |

+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#配置查询select的请求转发到hostgroup_id=2组上(读组)

#征对select * from table_name for update这样的修改语句，我们是需要将请求转到写组，也就是hostgroup_id=1

#对于其它没有被规则匹配的请求全部转发到默认的组(mysql_users表中default_hostgroup)

11、更新配置到RUNTIME中

由上面的配置系统层级关系可以得知所有进来的请求首先是经过RUNTIME层

MySQL [main]> load mysql users to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [main]> load mysql servers to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [main]> load mysql query rules to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [main]> load mysql variables to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [main]> load admin variables to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

12、将所有配置保存至磁盘上

所有配置数据保存到磁盘上，也就是永久写入/var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db这个文件中

MySQL [main]> save mysql users to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

MySQL [main]> save mysql servers to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

MySQL [main]> save mysql query rules to disk;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

MySQL [main]> save mysql variables to disk;

Query OK, 94 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [main]> save admin variables to disk;

Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [main]> load mysql users to runtime;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

13、测试读写分离

[root@proxy ~]# mysql -uproxysql -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 6033

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

| testdb |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.02 sec)

#这才是我们真正的数据库啊

创建数据与表，测试读写分离情况

MySQL [(none)]> create database test_proxysql;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> use test_proxysql;

Database changed

MySQL [test_proxysql]> create table test_tables(name varchar(20),age int(4));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

MySQL [test_proxysql]> insert into test_tables values('zhao','30');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)

MySQL [test_proxysql]> select * from test_tables;

+------+------+

| name | age |

+------+------+

| zhao | 30 |

+------+------+

1 row in set (0.02 sec)

在proxysql管理端查看读写分离

MySQL [main]> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;

+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+

| hostgroup | schemaname | username | digest | digest_text | count_star | first_seen | last_seen | sum_time | min_time | max_time |

+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+

| 2 | test_proxysql | proxysql | 0x57CF7EC26C91DF9A | select * from test_tables | 1 | 1527667635 | 1527667635 | 14253 | 14253 | 14253 |

| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B | select @@version_comment limit ? | 1 | 1527667214 | 1527667214 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

| 1 | test_proxysql | proxysql | 0xFF9877421CFBDA6F | insert into test_tables values(?,?) | 1 | 1527667623 | 1527667623 | 89033 | 89033 | 89033 |

| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xE662AE2DEE853B44 | create database test-proxysql | 1 | 1527667316 | 1527667316 | 8470 | 8470 | 8470 |

| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 1 | 1527667222 | 1527667222 | 19414 | 19414 | 19414 |

| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0xB9EF28C84E4207EC | create database test_proxysql | 1 | 1527667332 | 1527667332 | 15814 | 15814 | 15814 |

| 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x620B328FE9D6D71A | SELECT DATABASE() | 1 | 1527667342 | 1527667342 | 23386 | 23386 | 23386 |

| 1 | test_proxysql | proxysql | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 1 | 1527667342 | 1527667342 | 2451 | 2451 | 2451 |

| 1 | test_proxysql | proxysql | 0x59F02DA280268525 | create table test_tables | 1 | 1527667360 | 1527667360 | 9187 | 9187 | 9187 |

| 1 | test_proxysql | proxysql | 0x99531AEFF718C501 | show tables | 1 | 1527667342 | 1527667342 | 1001 | 1001 | 1001 |

| 1 | test_proxysql | proxysql | 0xC745E37AAF6095AF | create table test_tables(name varchar(?),age int(?)) | 1 | 1527667558 | 1527667558 | 68935 | 68935 | 68935 |

+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+

11 rows in set (0.01 sec)

#从上述结果就可以看出读写分离配置是成功的，读请求是转发到2组，写请求转发到1组

整个读写分离的架构配置到此就完成了，但是此架构存在需要优化的地方，那就是此架构存在单点问题。实际生产环境中可采用MHA+ProxySQL+Mysql这类架构解决此问题，请持续关注【民工哥技术之路】公众号，后续输出相关的架构实战。

关于Mysql各类高可用架构可阅读前面的文章

浅谈MySQL集群高可用架构

MySQL集群高可用架构之MHA

Mysql+Mycat实现数据库主从同步与读写分离

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