计算机学术论文shortessay,期末论文essay

Holiday就在眼前，你准备好了么？Christmas

comes but once a year. 购物清单，旅游攻略，party，drinking….

WAIT！作业完成了么？这个图是你么？别让期末论文ruin了你的好心情。阅读全文大约5分钟，教你轻松攻克英语论文。

如果你的目标是pass请看第一部分

如果你的目标是ace请看第二部分

如何轻松pass英语论文作业

海外求学，英语论文经常是一个头疼的问题，英文写作的提高不是一蹴而就的，但pass也不如你想象的那么难。如果是学期初，理所当然的建议是好好学习，天天向上。但，现在，也许你这学期听课听得昏昏噩噩，只剩屈指可数的几天论文就要due了。没关系，请特别注意以下几点：

1. 论文要求！论文要求！论文要求！

重要的事情说三遍。符合论文要求，就已经pass了一半。主题是什么，写评论，就得出结论；要求比较，自然得给出对比。即使一学期没记笔记，临时抱佛脚也得问学霸借来复印一下。字数，只能多不能少。格式，一定得看仔细了。

2. 认真审核主题到底要说明什么，下面就开始搜集信息。标记出可能使用的文献，把收集的和自己的观点列成大纲，框架出来了就不会偏离主题。这样论文的骨架就搭好了。

3. 主体段落就是血肉了。有很多常用的句型可以套(详细的内容见附件：英语学术论文常用句型)。

4. 最后，检查语法错误，通读全文。特别注意文献引用避免抄袭率过高。一部分直接引用，一定要加引号；其他rephrase(改述)文献引用，其实也很简单，主动语态该被动语态，动词/名词/形容词都可以找近义词替换，一句话拆成两句。

当你的论文写完了，请再把这篇文章翻出来看一下，检查一下是否每一点都做到了。如果还没有pass，小编请你吃冰淇淋啦。

如何ace你的英语论文

学习从来没有捷径。但学习有技巧。

当你的目标不仅仅是pass，而要取得好成绩时，首先，恭喜你阅读到这里，先给自己点个赞吧。然后，请仔细阅读以下内容。

1. 第一部分关于如何pass的，每一项都是ace的foundation，而且需要做得更好。比如，pass只需要不偏题，ace却需要紧扣主题；格式，不仅仅是格式正确，而要neat。页眉页脚，页码字体，空格行距等等，要力求完美。

2. 仔细斟酌你的主线和结构，是否清晰明确。每段有引言，最后有结语，观点明确，过渡清晰。作为想拿A的好学生，默认你应该有笔记(至少有借到笔记)，善用笔记中的内容，尤其是笔记中的重点。

3. 内容对结构的支撑更要精益求精，需要找到与主题相关的事件或事实，加以阐述，并证明你的观点。

4. 文献引用的要求更高，减少直接引用原文的次数，rephrase也不仅仅改述句型语法，而要提炼观点。自然，你需要更多的文献阅读，摘抄和整合。对writing的要求也更高，加强高级词汇和复杂句型的使用。

5. 最后，回到第一部分检查是否每一项都注意到了。大声朗读自己的论文，仔细推敲重要的词句，多次修改和校订(可以打印出来再复查几遍)。

磨刀不误砍柴工。别急着下笔，先思考，要拿A/A 的论文怎么能潦草。如果不需要网络，就断开，写文章倍感无聊时，没有什么internet更让人分心的了。论文完成后，如果你捧着ta，像手心里的珍宝，恨不得抱着睡觉对着吃饭，那就对了，就是这种爱感觉，读的人能体会到，那种付出真心付出心血的成果。

“海外求学，是一种经历而不是负担”

希尔海外教育，从英语论文，英语作业，毕业论文，申请，转学，实习/职业培训等各方面，帮助您的海外求学成为充实而有价值的经历。

联系我们：http://hillsedu.com/index.php/contact

附件：英语学术论文常用句型(来自网络)

Beginning

1. In this paper。。

2. This paper proceeds as follow.

3. The structure of the paper is as follows.

4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and

relatedconcepts

5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on

the

Introduction

1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of

the problemand a detailed presentation of how the required

membership functions aredefined.

2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.

3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem,

varioussituations involving possibility knowledge are investigated:

first, an entirelypossibility model is proposed; then the cases of

a fuzzy service time withstochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service

rule is studied; lastly, fuzzyservice rule are

considered.

Review

1. This review is followed by an introduction.

2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx

is presentedin Section

2.

3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is

given.

4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special

regard to...

5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.

6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of

action,while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity

of systems andoutlines the need for development of possibility

methods.

Body

1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its

importance.

2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision

making logic.

3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes

xxx

4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to,

natural languageunderstanding.

5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be

expressed in termsof fuzzy time window

6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are

used in the ...

7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way,

including the …..and also discusses how to evaluate system

performance.

8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.

9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in

the analysisof xx.

10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human

decision.

11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy

decisionrules

12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while

Section 4describes the xx strategies.

13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the

proposed model.

14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost

varianceinvestigation.

15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.

16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of

memoryprocess.

17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the

results ofSection 2 and 3.

18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and

illustrateits use on experimental data.

19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy

set model ..

20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further

work.

21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.

22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice

arediscussed very briefly in Section 2.

23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a

whole model ofhuman DM system

24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions

which a ...scheme must satisfy.

25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and

uniqueness theoremsfor the fundamental measurement of fuzziness

when the domain of discourse isorder dense.

26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an

empirical studycurrently in progress to verify the measurement

model and to constructmembership functions.

27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two

kinds ofinference experiments...

This Section

1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which

MRP isdesigned are described.

2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and

notations which arenecessary for the understanding of subsequent

results.Next Section

2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the

computerimplementation of such fuzzy logic statements.

3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical

applications theformulae were rearranged and simplified as

discussed in the next section.

4. The three components will be described in the next two section,

and anexample of xx analysis of a computer information system will

then illustratetheir use.

5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the

followingsections.

6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful

forarguments based on xx

Summary

1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research

consideration insection 5.

2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this

investigation.

3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of

research.

4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions

of thepaper.

5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized

6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and

conclusions aredrawn.

7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.

Chapter 0. Abstract

1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice

of a xx ratefor the measurement of experimental

variables.

2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy

mathematicswhich overcomes the difficulties found in other xx

measures.

3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the

xx.

4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy

relations.

5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a

decision.

6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile

xxalgorithm.

7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.

8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.

9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.

10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy

matrices.

11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are

presented andjustified.

12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is

given.

13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis

procedure aregiven to illustrate the proposed technique.

14. This paper analyses problems in

15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...

16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...

17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for

approaching

18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function

by which thexx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are

evaluated.

19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx

20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental

study.

21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy

phases of:xx, xx

22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are

likewiserepresented by linguistic variables.

23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational

procedure

Chapter 1. Introduction

Time

1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form

intuitive

2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial

world

3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on

the

4. The development of ... is explored

5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed

in a varietyof directions

6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent

years

7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance

with theadvent of ...

8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to

improve...

9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.

10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of

xx

11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these

weaknesses, theefficient and effective method has yet to be

developed.

12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].

13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are

far from readyto be used in commercial systems.

Objective / Goal / Purpose

1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as

follows:

2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts

to utilizethe existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of

loads, and to provideintelligent, computer aided instruction for

xxx.

3. The paper concerns the development of a xx

4. The scope of this research lies in

5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based

decisionmaking.

6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and

confidence as topermit ...

7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as

follows:

8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of

9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide

10. The main objective of such a ... system is to

11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such

probabilitydistribution.

12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the

followingrequirements:

13. In order to take advantage of their similarity

14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be

completed

15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...

16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues

17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a

recentlydeveloped procedure for the xx.

18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are

studied inpresence of fuzzy data: xx.

19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and

strategies forstructuring ..methods

20. This illustration points out the need to specify

21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and

prescriptive.

22. Chapter 2. Literature Review

23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics

literature, forexample, regarding xx

24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the

last decade

25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of

uncertaintiesassociated with xx.

26. There is considerable amount of literature on

planning

27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to

uncertainty in xx.

28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is

still underinvestigation as well in

methodological aspects as in concrete applications.

29. Many research studies have been carried out on this

topic.

30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system

analysis.

31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the

development of

32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this

design procedureand have, therefore, not yet been

automated.

33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and

/orprobabilistic in nature.

34. The central issue in all these studies is to

35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators,

however, thesestudies have been based upon classical statistical

approaches.

36. Applied ... techniques to

37. Characterized the ... system as

38. Developed an algorithm to

39. Developed a system called ... which

40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce

41. Emphasized the need to

42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology

43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken

44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed

45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/

Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights

46. Point out that the problem of

47. A study on ...was done / developed by []

48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with

49. The approach taken by [] is

50. The system developed by [] consists

51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []

52. []'s model requires consideration of...

53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human

development

54. []'s model focuses on...

55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to

56. The published information that is relevant to this

research...

57. This study further shows that

58. Their work is based on the principle of

59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].

60. Studies have been completed to established

61. The ...studies indicated that

62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in

recentyears, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is

lacking.

Problem / Issue / Question

63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as

manufacturingplanning do not fit well with this narrowly defined

model. They tend to spanbroad activities and require consideration

of multiple aspects.

64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems

67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately

resolved

68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed

69. An unanswered question

70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a

solution.

71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....

72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are

discussed

73. The three prime issues can be summarized:

74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the

...

75. There have been many attempts to

76. It is expected to be serious barrier to

77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a

complex