1. 背景
* 本地MySQL数据库要访问远程MySQL数据库的表中的数据, 必须通过FEDERATED存储引擎来实现.
* 有点类似Oracle中的数据库链接(DBLINK). 要允许这个存储引擎, 当构建MySQL时使用--with-federated-storage-engine来configure.
* 当创建一个FEDERATED表的时候, 服务器在数据库目录创建一个表定义文件. 文件由表的名字开始, 并有一个.frm扩展名.
* 无其它文件被创建, 因为实际的数据在一个远程数据库上.
2. 相关特性
* 允许本地访问远程 MySQL 数据库中表的数据
* 本地不存储任何数据文件
* 仅支持 MySQL 对 MySQL 的访问
* 不支持异构数据库的访问
* MySQL默认不开启Federated存储引擎
3. 环境
两个MySQL 5.7实例
serverA 3306
serverB 3307[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock1 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.18 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock2 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.18 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4. Federated存储引擎设置
* 查看Federated是否开启 [ FEDERATED 中Support状态NO表明引擎未开启 ]mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
* 配置文件指定开启Federated存储引擎 [ /etc/my.cnf ][mysqld]
federated
* 重启MySQL 再次查看 [ FEDERATED 中Support状态成YES表明引擎开启成功 ]mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | YES | Federated MySQL storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5. 部署
* 在ServerA上有一个数据库dbtestA,在ServerB上有数据库dbtestB,要在ServerB的数据库dbtestB上建立ServerA的数据库dbtestA上的表tabletestA的数据表链接remote_tabletestA,通过普通用户test连接。
* ServerA创建数据库mysql> create database dbtestA;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
* ServerA在dbtestA数据库中创建tabletestA表mysql> create table tabletestA(
id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
)ENGINE=INNODB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
* ServerA中创建普通用户并授权dbtestA数据库相关权限mysql> create user 'test'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant select on dbtestA.* to 'test'@'127.0.0.1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* ServerB 中创建数据库 dbtestBmysql> create database dbtestB;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
* ServerB 在dbtestB中创建链接表remote_tabletestA, 使用普通用户testmysql> use dbtestB;
Database changed
mysql> create table remote_tabletestA(
-> id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
-> )ENGINE=FEDERATED
-> CONNECTION='mysql://test:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/dbtestA/tabletestA';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
* 在ServerA dbtestA库tableA表中插入数据Database changed
mysql> use dbtestA;
Database changed
mysql> insert into tabletestA select NULL;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into tabletestA select NULL;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into tabletestA select NULL;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from tabletestA;
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+----+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
* ServerB dbtestB库链接表remote_tabletestA查看mysql> use dbtestB;
Database changed
mysql> select * from remote_tabletestA;
+----+
| id |
+----+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+----+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
* ServerB服务器中查看链接表remote_tablestestA相关文件
.frm 表定义文件 [ Federated链接库本地不产生数据文件 ][root@MySQL ~]# ll /data/mysql_data2/dbtestB/
total 16
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 65 Jun 25 10:40 db.opt
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8556 Jun 25 10:42 remote_tabletestA.frm
6. 总结
以需求驱动技术,技术本身没有优略之分,只有业务之分。