php ar设计模式,Java设计模式系列之装饰者模式

一般来说装饰者模式有下面几个参与者：

Component：装饰者和被装饰者共同的父类，是一个接口或者抽象类，用来定义基本行为

ConcreteComponent：定义具体对象，即被装饰者

Decorator：抽象装饰者，继承自Component，从外类来扩展ConcreteComponent。对于ConcreteComponent来说，不需要知道Decorator的存在，Decorator是一个接口或抽象类

ConcreteDecorator：具体装饰者，用于扩展ConcreteComponent

注：装饰者和被装饰者对象有相同的超类型，因为装饰者和被装饰者必须是一样的类型，这里利用继承是为了达到类型匹配，而不是利用继承获得行为。

利用继承设计子类，只能在编译时静态决定，并且所有子类都会继承相同的行为；利用组合的做法扩展对象，就可以在运行时动态的进行扩展。装饰者模式遵循开放-关闭原则：类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭。利用装饰者，我们可以实现新的装饰者增加新的行为而不用修改现有代码，而如果单纯依赖继承，每当需要新行为时，还得修改现有的代码。

example：

/**

* @author yaoshw

*/

public class TestMyIdea {

public static void main(String[] args) {

//不添加任何调料的饮料A

Beverage beverage = new APart();

System.out.println("Apart:" + beverage.getDescription() + "," + beverage.cost());

//添加摩卡调料的饮料B

Beverage beverage1 = new Mocha(new BPart());

System.out.println("Bpart:" + beverage1.getDescription() + "," + beverage1.cost());

//添加双份摩卡的饮料C

Beverage beverage2 = new Mocha(new Mocha(new CPart()));

System.out.println("Cpart:" + beverage2.getDescription() + "," + beverage2.cost());

//添加一份摩卡、一份豆浆的饮料D

Beverage beverage3 = new Soy(new Mocha(new DPart()));

System.out.println("Dpart:" + beverage3.getDescription() + "," + beverage3.cost());

}

}

/**

* 抽象类，相当于Component:cost方法和getDescription方法

*/

abstract class Beverage {

String description = "UnKnownBeverage";

public String getDescription() {

return description;

}

public abstract double cost();

}

abstract class CondimentDerector extends Beverage {

@Override

public abstract String getDescription();

}

/**

* 具体装饰者：摩卡

*/

class Mocha extends CondimentDerector {

/**

* 保留基类的引用，以便于组合装饰者行为

*/

Beverage beverage;

public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {

this.beverage = beverage;

}

@Override

public double cost() {

return beverage.cost() + 2;

}

@Override

public String getDescription() {

return beverage.getDescription() + ",monka";

}

}

/**

* 具体装饰者：豆浆

*/

class Soy extends CondimentDerector {

Beverage beverage;

public Soy(Beverage beverage) {

this.beverage = beverage;

}

@Override

public double cost() {

return beverage.cost() + 3;

}

@Override

public String getDescription() {

return beverage.getDescription() + "soy";

}

}

/**

* 调料A

*/

class APart extends Beverage {

public APart() {

description = "Apart";

}

@Override

public double cost() {

return 19.5;

}

}

/**

* 调料B

*/

class BPart extends Beverage {

public BPart() {

description = "Bpart";

}

@Override

public double cost() {

return 20.5;

}

}

/**

* 调料C

*/

class CPart extends Beverage {

public CPart() {

description = "Cpart";

}

@Override

public double cost() {

return 21.5;

}

}

/**

* 调料D

*/

class DPart extends Beverage {

public DPart() {

description = "Dpart";

}

@Override

public double cost() {

return 22.5;

}

}