matlab实验十符号计算基础,实验MATLAB符号计算

?3?【例5.2.1-4】写出矩阵?2?4??x2(1)

x2?33x???2x?1x?1?各元素的分子、分母多项式

?3x?4??syms x;A=[3/2,(x^2+3)/(2*x-1)+3*x/(x-1);4/x^2,3*x+4];

[n,d]=numden(A)

pretty(simplify(A)) %<3> n =

[ 3, x^3+5*x^2-3] [ 4, 3*x+4] d =

[ 2, (2*x-1)*(x-1)] [ x^2, 1]

[ 3 2 ] [ x + 5 x - 3 ] [3/2 -----------------] [ (2 x - 1) (x - 1)] [ ] [ 4 ] [---- 3 x + 4 ] [ 2 ]

[ x ]

(2)

pretty(simplify(n./d))

[ 3 2 ]

[ x + 5 x - 3 ] [3/2 -----------------] [ (2 x - 1) (x - 1)] [ ] [ 4 ] [---- 3 x + 4 ] [ 2 ] [ x ] 【例5.2.1-5】简化f?3(1)

syms x;f=(1/x^3+6/x^2+12/x+8)^(1/3); sfy1=simplify(f),sfy2=simplify(sfy1)

1612?2??8 3xxx sfy1 =

((2*x+1)^3/x^3)^(1/3) sfy2 =

((2*x+1)^3/x^3)^(1/3)

(2)

g1=simple(f),g2=simple(g1)

g1 =

(2*x+1)/x g2 = 2+1/x

cosx??sinx【例5.2.1-6】简化ff?

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2syms x;ff=cos(x)+sqrt(-sin(x)^2);

ssfy1=simplify(ff),ssfy2=simplify(ssfy1)

ssfy1 =

cos(x)+(-1+cos(x)^2)^(1/2) ssfy2 =

cos(x)+(-1+cos(x)^2)^(1/2)

gg1=simple(ff),gg2=simple(gg1)

gg1 =

cos(x)+i*sin(x) gg2 = exp(i*x)

5.2.2 符号函数的求反和复合

【例5.2.2-1】求f?x2的反函数

syms x;f=x^2;g=finverse(f)

g = x^(1/2)

fg=simple(compose(g,f)) %验算g(f(x))是否等于x

fg = x

【例5.2.2-2】求f?x1?u2,g?cos(y?fai)的复合函数 (1)

syms x y u fai t;f=x/(1+u^2);g=cos(y+fai);fg1=compose(f,g) fg1 =

cos(y+fai)/(1+u^2)

(2)

fg2=compose(f,g,u,fai,t) fg2 =

x/(1+cos(y+t)^2)

5.2.3 置换及其应用

5.2.3.1 自动执行的子表达式置换指令

【例5.2.3.1-1】演示子表达式的置换表示。

clear all,syms a b c d W;[V,D]=eig([a b;c d]);

[RVD,W]=subexpr([V;D],W) RVD =

[ -(1/2*d-1/2*a-1/2*W)/c, -(1/2*d-1/2*a+1/2*W)/c] [ 1, 1]

[ 1/2*d+1/2*a+1/2*W, 0] [ 0, 1/2*d+1/2*a-1/2*W] W =

(d^2-2*a*d+a^2+4*b*c)^(1/2)

5.2.3.2 通用置换指令

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%<2>

【例5.2.3.2-1】用简单算例演示subs的置换规则。 (1)

syms a x;f=a*sin(x)+5; f =

a*sin(x)+5

(2)

f1=subs(f,'sin(x)',sym('y')) %<2>

f1 = a*y+5

(3)

f2=subs(f,{a,x},{2,sym(pi/3)}) f2 =

3^(1/2)+5

(4)

f3=subs(f,{a,x},{2,pi/3}) f3 = 6.7321

(5)

f4=subs(subs(f,a,2),x,0:pi/6:pi) f4 =

5.0000 6.0000 6.7321 7.0000 6.7321 6.0000 5.0000

(6)

f5=subs(f,{a,x},{0:6,0:pi/6:pi}) f5 =

5.0000 5.5000 6.7321 8.0000 8.4641 7.5000 5.0000

5.2.4 符号数值精度控制和任意精度计算 5.2.4.1 向双精度数值转换的doblue指令 5.2.4.2 任意精度的符号数值

【例5.2.4.2-1】指令使用演示。 digits Digits = 32

p0=sym('(1+sqrt(5))/2'); p1=sym((1+sqrt(5))/2) e01=vpa(abs(p0-p1)) p1 =

7286977268806824*2^(-52) e01 =

.543211520368251e-16

p2=vpa(p0)

e02=vpa(abs(p0-p2),64)

p2 =

1.6180339887498948482045868343656 e02 =

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%<3>

%<4>

%<5> %<6>

.38117720309179805762862135448622e-31

digits Digits = 32

5.2.5 符号对象与其它数据对象间的转换

【例5.2.5-1】符号、数值间的转换。

phi=sym((1+sqrt(5))/2) double(phi)

phi =

7286977268806824*2^(-52) ans = 1.6180

【例5.2.5-2】各种多项式表示形式之间的转换

syms x;f=x^3+2*x^2-3*x+5; sy2p=sym2poly(f)

p2st=poly2str(sy2p,'x') p2sy=poly2sym(sy2p) pretty(f,'x')

sy2p =

1 2 -3 5 p2st =

x^3 + 2 x^2 - 3 x + 5 p2sy =

x^3+2*x^2-3*x+5

5.3 符号微积分

5.3.1 符号序列的求和

t?1【例5.3.1-1】求

??tk3??，(?1)k?t?0??k?1?1?(2k?1)2k?? syms k t;f1=[t k^3];f2=[1/(2*k-1)^2,(-1)^k/k]; s1=simple(symsum(f1))

s2=simple(symsum(f2,1,inf))

s1 =

[ 1/2*t*(t-1), k^3*t] s2 =

[ 1/8*pi^2, -log(2)]

5.3.2 符号微分和

jacobian矩阵

2【例5.3.2-1】求d?at3?d2?2?at3?d?dx??tcosxlnx?、

?dttcosxlnx?和

??a?dxdt?tcosxsyms a t x;f=[a,t^3;t*cos(x), log(x)];

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t3?lnx??