linux下使用 sb设备的方法,Linux之设备驱动学习简过程（不断添加中）

为了学好字符设备驱动，一些相关结构不得不了解。。。于是，通过Source Insight打开内核。。。我浏览到了驱动重要的相关结构

*用户跟驱动关系：用户空间的read、write等--->linux系统调用--->间接调用设备驱动程序中file_operations结构中的函数(看个例子理解下)

1.struct file_operations学驱动必须了解的结构

struct file_operations {

struct module *owner; //驱动模块的指针

loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int); //文件读写位置

ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);//从设备读数据

ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);//写数据到设备

ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);

ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);

int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);

unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);//文件描述符的读取写入是否阻塞

int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);//命令控制设置

long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);//设备内存映射到进程空间

int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);//打开设备

int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);

int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);//关闭设备

int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync);

int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);

int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);

int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);

ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);

unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);

int (*check_flags)(int);

int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);

ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);

ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);

int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **);

};

2.文件结构 代表一个打开的文件描述符，它不是专门给驱动程序使用的，系统中每一个打开的文件在内核中都有一个关联的struct file。它由内核在open时创建，并传递给在文件上操作的任何函数，直到最后关闭。当文件的所有实例都关闭之后，内核释放这个数据结构

struct file {

/*

* fu_list becomes invalid after file_free is called and queued via

* fu_rcuhead for RCU freeing

*/

union {

struct list_head fu_list;

struct rcu_head fu_rcuhead;

} f_u;

struct path f_path;//文件路径

#define f_dentry f_path.dentry

#define f_vfsmnt f_path.mnt

const struct file_operations *f_op;//文件操作符结构

spinlock_t f_lock; /* f_ep_links, f_flags, no IRQ */

atomic_long_t f_count;

unsigned int f_flags;//文件标识，可写，可读

fmode_t f_mode;

loff_t f_pos;//文件读写位置

struct fown_struct f_owner;

const struct cred *f_cred;

struct file_ra_state f_ra;

u64 f_version;

#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY

void *f_security;

#endif

/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */

void *private_data;

#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL

/* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */

struct list_head f_ep_links;

#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */

struct address_space *f_mapping;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WRITECOUNT

unsigned long f_mnt_write_state;

#endif

};

3.内核中用inode结构表示具体的文件

struct inode {

struct hlist_node i_hash;

struct list_head i_list;

struct list_head i_sb_list;

struct list_head i_dentry;

unsigned long i_ino;

atomic_t i_count;

unsigned int i_nlink;

uid_t i_uid;

gid_t i_gid;

dev_t i_rdev;

u64 i_version;

loff_t i_size;

#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED

seqcount_t i_size_seqcount;

#endif

struct timespec i_atime;

struct timespec i_mtime;

struct timespec i_ctime;

unsigned int i_blkbits;

blkcnt_t i_blocks;

unsigned short i_bytes;

umode_t i_mode;

spinlock_t i_lock; /* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */

struct mutex i_mutex;

struct rw_semaphore i_alloc_sem;

const struct inode_operations *i_op;

const struct file_operations *i_fop; /* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */

struct super_block *i_sb;

struct file_lock *i_flock;

struct address_space *i_mapping;

struct address_space i_data;

#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA

struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];

#endif

struct list_head i_devices;

union {

struct pipe_inode_info *i_pipe;

struct block_device *i_bdev;

struct cdev *i_cdev;

};

int i_cindex;

__u32 i_generation;

#ifdef CONFIG_DNOTIFY

unsigned long i_dnotify_mask; /* Directory notify events */

struct dnotify_struct *i_dnotify; /* for directory notifications */

#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_INOTIFY

struct list_head inotify_watches; /* watches on this inode */

struct mutex inotify_mutex; /* protects the watches list */

#endif

unsigned long i_state;

unsigned long dirtied_when; /* jiffies of first dirtying */

unsigned int i_flags;

atomic_t i_writecount;

#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY

void *i_security;

#endif

void *i_private; /* fs or device private pointer */

};

参考资料：http://www.cnblogs.com/QJohnson/archive/2011/06/24/2089414.html

4.cdev结构

在Linux2.6内核中一个字符设备用cdev结构来描述，其定义如下：

struct cdev {

struct kobject kobj;

struct module *owner; //所属模块

const struct file_operations *ops;

//文件操作结构，在写驱动时，其结构体内的大部分函数要被实现

struct list_head list;

dev_t dev; //设备号，int 类型，高12位为主设备号，低20位为次设备号

unsigned int count;

};

可以使用如下宏调用来获得主、次设备号:

MAJOR(dev_t dev)

MINOR(dev_t dev)

MKDEV(int major,int minor) //通过主次设备号来生成dev_t

5.混杂设备miscdevice结构

struct miscdevice {

int minor;

const char *name;

const struct file_operations *fops;

struct list_head list;

struct device *parent;

struct device *this_device;

};