java 中httpclient_Java中HttpClient的用法

package study.httpclient;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.ParseException;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;

import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;

import org.apache.http.entity.InputStreamEntity;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.*;

import java.net.URI;

import java.net.URISyntaxException;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class HttpClient {

/**

* GET---无参测试

*

* @date

*/

public void doGetTestOne() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 创建Get请求

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:12345/");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

System.out.println("连接失败"+e.getMessage());

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

* GET---有参测试 (方式一:手动在url后面加上参数)

*

* @date

*/

public void doGetTestWayOne() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 参数

StringBuilder params = new StringBuilder();

try {

// 字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来,某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)

params.append("name=").append(URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8")).append("&").append("age=24");

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

// 创建Get请求

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:12345/doGetControllerTwo" + "?" + params);

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 配置信息

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()

// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectTimeout(5000)

// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)

// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setSocketTimeout(5000)

// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)

.setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();

// 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里

httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

* GET---有参测试 (方式二:将参数放入键值对类中,再放入URI中,从而通过URI得到HttpGet实例)

*

* @date

*/

public void doGetTestWayTwo() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 参数

URI uri = null;

try {

// 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中

List params = new ArrayList<>();

params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "&"));

params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("age", "18"));

// 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;

// 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String value)

uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost")

.setPort(12345).setPath("/doGetControllerTwo")

.setParameters(params).build();

} catch (URISyntaxException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

// 创建Get请求

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 配置信息

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()

// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectTimeout(5000)

// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)

// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setSocketTimeout(5000)

// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)

.setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();

// 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里

httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

* POST---无参测试

*

* @date

*/

public void doPostTestOne() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 创建Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerOne");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

* POST---有参测试(普通参数)

*

* @date

*/

public void doPostTestFour() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 参数

StringBuilder params = new StringBuilder();

try {

// 字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来,某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)

params.append("phone=").append(URLEncoder.encode("admin", "utf-8"));

params.append("&");

params.append("password=admin");

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

// 创建Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/index.html/" + "?" + params);

// 设置ContentType(注:如果只是传普通参数的话,ContentType不一定非要用application/json)

httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

* POST---有参测试(对象参数)

*

* @date

*/

public void doPostTestTwo() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 创建Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerTwo");

//User user = new User();

//user.setName("潘晓婷");

//user.setAge(18);

//user.setGender("女");

//user.setMotto("姿势要优雅~");

// 我这里利用阿里的fastjson,将Object转换为json字符串;

// (需要导入com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON包)

//String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);

String jsonString = "";

StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonString, "UTF-8");

// post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中

httpPost.setEntity(entity);

httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

*

* 发送文件

*

* multipart/form-data传递文件(及相关信息)

*

* 注:如果想要灵活方便的传输文件的话,

* 除了引入org.apache.httpcomponents基本的httpclient依赖外

* 再额外引入org.apache.httpcomponents的httpmime依赖。

* 追注:即便不引入httpmime依赖,也是能传输文件的,不过功能不够强大。

*

*/

public void test4() {

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/file");

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();

// 第一个文件

String filesKey = "files";

File file1 = new File("C:\\Users\\JustryDeng\\Desktop\\back.jpg");

multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody(filesKey, file1);

// 第二个文件(多个文件的话,使用同一个key就行,后端用数组或集合进行接收即可)

File file2 = new File("C:\\Users\\JustryDeng\\Desktop\\头像.jpg");

// 防止服务端收到的文件名乱码。 我们这里可以先将文件名URLEncode,然后服务端拿到文件名时在URLDecode。就能避免乱码问题。

// 文件名其实是放在请求头的Content-Disposition里面进行传输的,如其值为form-data; name="files"; filename="头像.jpg"

multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody(filesKey, file2, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY, URLEncoder.encode(file2.getName(), "utf-8"));

// 其它参数(注:自定义contentType,设置UTF-8是为了防止服务端拿到的参数出现乱码)

ContentType contentType = ContentType.create("text/plain", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody("name", "邓沙利文", contentType);

multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody("age", "25", contentType);

HttpEntity httpEntity = multipartEntityBuilder.build();

httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("HTTPS响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

// 主动设置编码,来防止响应乱码

String responseStr = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容为:" + responseStr);

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

/**

*

* 发送流

*

*/

public void test5() {

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/is?name=邓沙利文");

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream("流啊流~".getBytes());

InputStreamEntity ise = new InputStreamEntity(is);

httpPost.setEntity(ise);

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("HTTPS响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());

// 主动设置编码,来防止响应乱码

String responseStr = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容为:" + responseStr);

}

} catch (ParseException | IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

httpClient.doPostTestFour();

}

}

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