python 循环定义变量,为什么我不必使用range（）在for循环中定义变量，但是在Python中必须在while循环中定义变量？...

I have the following code using a for loop:

total = 0

for num in range(101):

total = total + num

print(total)

Now the same result using a while loop:

num = 0

total = 0

while num <= 99:

num = num + 1

total = total + num

print(total)

Why is it that I do not have to define num in the first case, but I do have to define it in the second? Are they both not variables?

解决方案

I'd like to approach this question from a slightly different perspective.

If we look at the official Python grammar specification, we can see that (approximately speaking), a while statement takes a test, while a for statement takes an exprlist and testlist.

Conceptually, then, we can understand that a while statement needs one thing: an expression that it can repeatedly evaluate.

On the other hand, a for statement needs two: a collection of expressions to be evaluated, as well as a number of names to bind the results of those evaluations to.

With this in mind, it makes sense that a while statement would not automatically create a temporary variable, since it can accept literals too. Conversely, a for statement must bind to some names.

(Strictly speaking, it is valid, in terms of Python grammar, to put a literal where you would expect a name in a for statement, but contextually that wouldn't make sense, so the language prohibits it.)