this
this是指向类实例化对象的指针,因此它指向的不是类而是类实例化后的对象,例如 $obj = new Animal(); 此时类内部定义的$this指的就是$obj这个对象,而不是Animal这个类.
self
self是类自身的引用,通常指向类的静态成员和常量,在类体内引用静态成员和常量时不能用$this->var / $this->foo() 的形式.
parent
parent是指向父类的引用,通过parent可以访问父类方法(不管是否为静态)、父类静态成员和父类常量,但不可以访问父类的非静态属性.(注意:$this也可以调用父类方法,但是如果继承类覆盖了父类方法A,那么$this->A()指的是继承类的A()方法,而parent::A()指的依然是父类的A()方法,不受覆盖影响)
例子<?php
class Object{
public $name = '';
public function __construct($name){
$this->name = $name;
}
protected function foo(){
echo 'Object foo function'.PHP_EOL;
}
}
class Animal extends Object{
public static $count = 0;
const OBJECT_ID = 999;
public function __construct($name){
parent::__construct($name);
self::count();
parent::foo();
$this->foo();
}
protected function foo(){
echo 'Animal foo function'.PHP_EOL;
}
private static function count(){
self::$count += 1;
}
}
$a = new Animal('dog');
echo $a->name;
echo PHP_EOL;
echo Animal::$count;
echo PHP_EOL;
echo Animal::OBJECT_ID;
echo PHP_EOL;
$c = new Animal('cat');
echo $c->name;
echo PHP_EOL;
echo Animal::$count;
echo PHP_EOL;
echo Animal::OBJECT_ID;
/*****Output*****
Object foo function
Animal foo function
dog
1
999
Object foo function
Animal foo function
cat
2
999
*******************/
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