linux利用共享内存复制文件,c – 如何在Linux上使用copy-on-write来处理共享内存

我试着编写一个小应用程序来熟悉用户空间中的写时复制的概念.我已经阅读了

answer by MSalters,并认为只有当我开始使用mmap的文件来存储我的数据时它才会起作用.因为我不需要基于文件的持久性,所以我尝试用共享内存做同样的事情.首先我mmap’ed并初始化了一个shm fd,然后我用MAP_PRIVATE映射了第二个副本并再次从中读取.然而,只需从中读取就会导致内核复制整个内容,花费更多时间并占用内存的两倍.为什么不做COW？

这是我提出的用于说明行为的程序：

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

static const size_t ARRAYSIZE = 1UL<<30;

void init(int* A)

{

for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE; ++i)

A[i] = i;

}

size_t agg(const int* A)

{

size_t sum = 0;

for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE; ++i)

sum += A[i];

return sum;

}

int main()

{

assert(sizeof(int) == 4);

shm_unlink("/cowtest");

printf("ARRAYSIZE: %lu\n",ARRAYSIZE);

int fd = shm_open("/cowtest",O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,0);

if (fd == -1)

{

perror("Error allocating fd\n");

return 1;

}

if (ftruncate(fd,sizeof(int) * ARRAYSIZE) == -1)

{

perror("Error ftruncate\n");

return 1;

}

/* Open shm */

int* A= (int*)mmap(NULL,sizeof(int) * ARRAYSIZE,PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0);

if (A == (int*)-1)

{

perror("Error mapping A to memory\n");

return 1;

}

init(A);

/* Create cow copy */

int* Acopy = (int*)mmap(NULL,PROT_READ,MAP_PRIVATE,0);

if (Acopy == (int*)-1)

{

printf("Error mapping copy from file\n");

return 1;

}

/* Aggregate over A */

size_t sumA = agg(A);

size_t expected = (ARRAYSIZE * (ARRAYSIZE - 1)) >> 1;

assert(expected == sumA);

/* Aggregate over Acopy */

size_t sumCopy = agg(Acopy);

assert(expected == sumCopy);

shm_unlink("/cowtest");

printf("Enter to exit\n");

getchar();

return 0;

}

我用g -O3 -mtune = native -march = native -o shm-min shm-min.cpp -lrt编译它.

它创建的数组包含4GB的整数值.在终止程序之前,然后分配8GB的共享内存,在/ proc /< pid> / smaps中,您可以看到它在只读操作期间实际上执行了完整拷贝.我不知道为什么会那样做.这是内核错误吗？或者我错过了什么？

非常感谢任何见解.拉尔斯

编辑

这是Ubuntu 14.04(3.13.0-24)上/ proc /< pid> / smaps的相关内容：

7f3b9b4ae000-7f3c9b4ae000 r--p 00000000 00:14 168154 /run/shm/cowtest (deleted)

Size: 4194304 kB

RSS: 4194304 kB

Pss: 2097152 kB

Shared_Clean: 0 kB

Shared_Dirty: 4194304 kB

Private_Clean: 0 kB

Private_Dirty: 0 kB

Referenced: 4194304 kB

Anonymous: 0 kB

AnonHugePages: 0 kB

Swap: 0 kB

KernelPageSize: 4 kB

MMUPageSize: 4 kB

Locked: 0 kB

VmFlags: rd mr mw me sd

7f3c9b4ae000-7f3d9b4ae000 rw-s 00000000 00:14 168154 /run/shm/cowtest (deleted)

Size: 4194304 kB

RSS: 4194304 kB

Pss: 2097152 kB

Shared_Clean: 0 kB

Shared_Dirty: 4194304 kB

Private_Clean: 0 kB

Private_Dirty: 0 kB

Referenced: 4194304 kB

Anonymous: 0 kB

AnonHugePages: 0 kB

Swap: 0 kB

KernelPageSize: 4 kB

MMUPageSize: 4 kB

Locked: 0 kB

VmFlags: rd wr sh mr mw me ms sd