本文实例讲述了Android编程创建与解析xml的常用方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
今天我今天给大家讲解一下Android创建xml以及一些解析xml的常用方法。
首先是创建,我们用XmlSerializer这个类来创建一个xml文件,其次是解析xml文件,常用的有dom,sax,XmlPullParser等方法,由于sax代码有点复杂,本节只讲解一下dom与XmlPullParser解析,sax我将会在下一节单独讲解,至于几种解析xml的优缺点我就不再讲述了。
为了方便理解,我做了一个简单的Demo。首先首界面有三个按钮,点击第一个按钮会在sdcard目录下创建一个books.xml文件。另外两个按钮分别是调用dom与XmlPullParser方法解析xml文件,并将结果显示在一个TextView里。大家可以按照我的步骤一步步来:
第一步:新建一个Android工程,命名为XmlDemo
第二步:修改main.xml布局文件,代码如下:
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
android:id="@+id/btn1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="创建XML文件"
/>
android:id="@+id/btn2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="DOM解析XML"
/>
android:id="@+id/btn3"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="XmlPullParse解析XML"
/>
android:id="@+id/result"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
第三步:修改主核心程序XmlDemo.Java,代码如下:
package com.tutor.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Xml;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class XmlDemo extendsActivity implementsOnClickListener {
privatestatic final String BOOKS_PATH = "/sdcard/books.xml";
privateButton mButton1, mButton2, mButton3;
privateTextView mTextView;
@Override
publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
setupViews();
}
// 初始化工作
privatevoid setupViews() {
mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
mButton1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
mButton2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn2);
mButton3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn3);
mButton1.setOnClickListener(this);
mButton2.setOnClickListener(this);
mButton3.setOnClickListener(this);
}
// 创建xml文件
privatevoid createXmlFile() {
File linceseFile =new File(BOOKS_PATH);
try{
linceseFile.createNewFile();
}catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("IOException","exception in createNewFile() method");
}
FileOutputStream fileos =null;
try{
fileos =new FileOutputStream(linceseFile);
}catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.e("FileNotFoundException","can't create FileOutputStream");
}
XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer();
try{
serializer.setOutput(fileos,"UTF-8");
serializer.startDocument(null,true);
serializer.startTag(null,"books");
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
serializer.startTag(null,"book");
serializer.startTag(null,"bookname");
serializer.text("Android教程"+ i);
serializer.endTag(null,"bookname");
serializer.startTag(null,"bookauthor");
serializer.text("Frankie"+ i);
serializer.endTag(null,"bookauthor");
serializer.endTag(null,"book");
}
serializer.endTag(null,"books");
serializer.endDocument();
serializer.flush();
fileos.close();
}catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("Exception","error occurred while creating xml file");
}
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"创建xml文件成功!",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
// dom解析xml文件
privatevoid domParseXML() {
File file =new File(BOOKS_PATH);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db =null;
try{
db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
}catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Document doc =null;
try{
doc = db.parse(file);
}catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
NodeList books = root.getElementsByTagName("book");
String res ="本结果是通过dom解析:" +"/n";
for(int i = 0; i < books.getLength(); i++) {
Element book = (Element) books.item(i);
Element bookname = (Element) book.getElementsByTagName("bookname")
.item(0);
Element bookauthor = (Element) book.getElementsByTagName(
"bookauthor").item(0);
res +="书名: " + bookname.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() +" "
+"作者: " + bookauthor.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() +"/n";
}
mTextView.setText(res);
}
// xmlPullParser解析xml文件
privatevoid xmlPullParseXML() {
String res ="本结果是通过XmlPullParse解析:" + "/n";
try{
XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
xmlPullParser.setInput(Thread.currentThread()
.getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(BOOKS_PATH),
"UTF-8");
inteventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
try{
while(eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
switch(eventType) {
caseXmlPullParser.START_TAG:
if("bookname".equals(nodeName)) {
res +="书名: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() +" ";
}else if("bookauthor".equals(nodeName)) {
res +="作者: " + xmlPullParser.nextText() +"/n";
}
break;
default:
break;
}
eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
}
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mTextView.setText(res);
}
// 按钮事件响应
publicvoid onClick(View v) {
if(v == mButton1) {
createXmlFile();
}else if(v == mButton2) {
domParseXML();
}else if(v == mButton3) {
xmlPullParseXML();
}
}
}
第四步:由于我们在Sd卡上新建了文件,需要增加权限,如下代码(第13行):
package="com.tutor.xml"android:versionCode="1"android:versionName="1.0">
第五步:运行上述工程,查看效果:
启动首界面:
点击创建XML文件按钮,生成books.xml文件
books.xml内容如下:
Android教程0
Frankie0
Android教程1
Frankie1
Android教程2
Frankie2
点击DOM解析XML按钮:
点击XmlPullParse解析XML按钮:
Ok~今天就先讲到这里。
PS:这里再为大家提供几款关于xml操作的在线工具供大家参考使用:
希望本文所述对大家Android程序设计有所帮助。