java.io有哪些实现类_面试刷题11:java系统中io的分类有哪些？

随着分布式技术的普及和海量数据的增长，io的能力越来越重要，java提供的io模块提供了足够的扩展性来适应。

我是李福春，我在准备面试，今天的问题是：

java中的io有哪几种？

java中的io分3类：

1，BIO ,即同步阻塞IO,对应java.io包提供的工具；基于流模型，虽然直观，代码实现也简单，但是扩展性差，消耗资源大，容易成为系统的瓶颈；

2，NIO，同步非阻塞io,对应java.nio包提供的工具，基于io多路复用；

核心类： Channel ,Selector , Buffer , Charset

selector是io多路复用的基础，实现了一个线程高效管理多个客户端连接，通过事件监听处理感兴趣的事件。

3，AIO,即异步非阻塞io, 基于事件和回调

io的类层级

java各种IO的例子

java.io客户端连接服务端例子

package org.example.mianshi.io;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.ServerSocket;

import java.net.Socket;

/**

* 说明：传统流式io 客户端连接服务端例子

* @author carter

* 创建时间： 2020年03月25日 9:58 下午

**/

public class JavaIOApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Server server = new Server();

new Thread(server).start();

try (

Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), server.getPort());

) {

final BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

bufferedReader.lines().forEach(System.out::println);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static class Server implements Runnable {

private ServerSocket serverSocket;

public int getPort() {

return serverSocket.getLocalPort();

}

@Override

public void run() {

try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0);) {

this.serverSocket = serverSocket;

while (true) {

final Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

new RequestHandler(socket).start();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

private class RequestHandler extends Thread {

private Socket socket;

public RequestHandler(Socket socket) {

this.socket = socket;

}

@Override

public void run() {

try (

final PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

) {

printWriter.write("hello world");

printWriter.flush();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

}

使用连接池优化

package org.example.mianshi.io;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.ServerSocket;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**

* 说明：传统流式io 客户端连接服务端例子

* @author carter

* 创建时间： 2020年03月25日 9:58 下午

**/

public class ThreadPoolJavaIOApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Server server = new Server();

new Thread(server).start();

try (

Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), server.getPort());

) {

final BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

bufferedReader.lines().forEach(System.out::println);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static class Server implements Runnable {

private ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);

private ServerSocket serverSocket;

public int getPort() {

return serverSocket.getLocalPort();

}

@Override

public void run() {

try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(0);) {

this.serverSocket = serverSocket;

while (true) {

final Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

threadPool.submit(new RequestHandler(socket));

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally {

threadPool.shutdown();

}

}

private class RequestHandler implements Runnable {

private Socket socket;

public RequestHandler(Socket socket) {

this.socket = socket;

}

@Override

public void run() {

try (

final PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

) {

printWriter.write("hello world");

printWriter.flush();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

}

java.nio例子

package org.example.mianshi.io;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;

import java.nio.channels.Selector;

import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;

import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**

* 说明：nio的客户端连接服务端例子

* @author carter

* 创建时间： 2020年03月25日 10:32 下午

**/

public class JavaNioApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Server().start();

try (

Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 8888);

) {

final BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

bufferedReader.lines().forEach(System.out::println);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static class Server extends Thread {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();

serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 8888));

serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

final Selector selector = Selector.open();

serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

while (true) {

selector.select();

selector.selectedKeys().forEach(selectionKey -> {

sayHelloWorld((ServerSocketChannel) selectionKey.channel());

});

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

private void sayHelloWorld(ServerSocketChannel channel) {

try (SocketChannel socketChannel = channel.accept()) {

socketChannel.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode("hello world nio"));

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}


java.nio2例子

package org.example.mianshi.io;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousServerSocketChannel;

import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;

import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**

* 说明：TODO

* @author carter

* 创建时间： 2020年03月25日 10:54 下午

**/

public class JavaNio2App {

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Server().start();

try (

Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);

) {

final BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

bufferedReader.lines().forEach(System.out::println);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static class Server extends Thread {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open()

.bind(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999));

serverSocketChannel.accept(serverSocketChannel, new CompletionHandler() {

@Override

public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel socketChannel,

AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel1) {

// serverSocketChannel1.accept(socketChannel, this);

socketChannel.write(Charset.defaultCharset().encode("hello world nio2 "));

try {

socketChannel.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

@Override

public void failed(Throwable exc, AsynchronousServerSocketChannel attachment) {

exc.printStackTrace();

}

});

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

本例子暂时无法运行。只为展示过程；

小结

本篇主要介绍了java提供的3中io，即 BIO,NIO,AIO ; 并提供了一些示例代码辅助理解。

原创不易，转载请注明出处。