sql java驱动程序_使用 JDBC 驱动程序

使用 JDBC 驱动程序Using the JDBC driver

01/29/2021

本文内容

本部分提供使用 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server 与 SQL ServerSQL Server 数据库建立简单连接的快速入门指导。This section provides quickstart instructions for making a simple connection to a SQL ServerSQL Server database by using the Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server. 在连接到 SQL ServerSQL Server 数据库之前，必须首先在本地计算机或服务器上安装 SQL ServerSQL Server，并且必须在本地计算机上安装 JDBC 驱动程序。Before you connect to a SQL ServerSQL Server database, SQL ServerSQL Server must first be installed on either your local computer or a server, and the JDBC driver must be installed on your local computer.

选择正确的 JAR 文件Choosing the right JAR file

Microsoft JDBC Driver 提供不同的 Jar，可对应用于首选的 Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 设置，如下所示：The Microsoft JDBC Driver provides different Jars to be used in correspondence with your preferred Java Runtime Environment (JRE) settings, as under:

Microsoft JDBC Driver 9.2 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar 类库文件 。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 9.2 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar, and mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.4 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.4 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar, and mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.2 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar 类库文件 。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.2 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar, and mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.4 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar 、mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.4 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar, and mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.2 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.2 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar, and mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.0 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.0 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar, and mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.4 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar 、mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.4 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar, mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar, and mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.2 for SQL Server 提供 mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar 和 mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.2 for SQL Server provides mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar, and mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.0 for SQL Server 和 Microsoft JDBC Driver 4.2 for SQL Server 提供 sqljdbc41.jar 和 sqljdbc42.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Drivers 6.0 and 4.2 for SQL Server provide sqljdbc41.jar, and sqljdbc42.jar class library files.

Microsoft JDBC Driver 4.1 for SQL Server 提供 sqljdbc41.jar 类库文件。The Microsoft JDBC Driver 4.1 for SQL Server provides the sqljdbc41.jar class library file.

你的选择还将确定可用功能。Your choice will also determine available features. 若要详细了解选择哪个 JAR 文件，请参阅 JDBC 驱动程序的系统要求。For more information about which JAR file to choose, see System requirements for the JDBC driver.

设置 ClasspathSetting the classpath

Microsoft JDBC Driver jar 不是 Java SDK 的一部分，必须包含在用户应用程序的 Classpath 中。The Microsoft JDBC driver jars are not part of the Java SDK and must be included in Classpath of user application.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 4.1 或 4.2，请设置 classpath 以包括来自相应驱动程序下载的 sqljdbc41.jar 或 sqljdbc42.jar 文件。If using JDBC Driver 4.1 or 4.2, set the classpath to include sqljdbc41.jar or sqljdbc42.jar file from respective driver download.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 6.2，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar 。If using JDBC Driver 6.2, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar or mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 6.4，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar、 、mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar 。If using JDBC Driver 6.4, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar, mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar, or mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 7.0，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar 。If using JDBC Driver 7.0, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar or mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 7.2，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar 。If using JDBC Driver 7.2, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar or mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 7.4，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar、 、mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar 。If using JDBC Driver 7.4, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 8.2，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar 。If using JDBC Driver 8.2, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 8.4，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar。If using JDBC Driver 8.4, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar.

如果使用 JDBC Driver 9.2，请设置 classpath 以包括 mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar 。If using JDBC Driver 9.2, set the classpath to include the mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar.

如果 classpath 缺少正确 Jar 文件的条目，应用程序将引发常见的 Class not found 异常。If the classpath is missing an entry for the right Jar file, an application will throw the common Class not found exception.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 9.2For Microsoft JDBC Driver 9.2

mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar 文件安装在以下位置 ：The mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar files are installed in the following locations:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 9.2 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_9.2\enu\mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_9.2/enu/mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar 。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-9.2.0.jre15.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.4For Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.4

mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar 文件安装在以下位置：The mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar files are installed in the following locations:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.4 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_8.4\enu\mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_8.4/enu/mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-8.4.1.jre14.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.2For Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.2

mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar 文件安装在以下位置 ：The mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar files are installed in the following locations:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 8.2 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_8.2\enu\mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_8.2/enu/mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar、mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar 。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-8.2.2.jre13.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.4For Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.4

mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar 、mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar 文件安装在以下位置：The mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar files are installed in the following locations:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.4 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_7.4\enu\mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_7.4/enu/mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar 、mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar 。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre8.jar, mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre11.jar, or mssql-jdbc-7.4.1.jre12.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.2For Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.2

mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar 文件安装在以下位置：The mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar or mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar files are installed in the following locations:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.2 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_7.2\enu\mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_7.2/enu/mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar 。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre8.jar or mssql-jdbc-7.2.2.jre11.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.0For Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.0

mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar 文件安装在以下位置：The mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar or mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar files are installed in the following locations:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 7.0 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_7.0\enu\mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_7.0/enu/mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar 。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre8.jar or mssql-jdbc-7.0.0.jre10.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.4For Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.4

mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar 、**mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar 文件安装在以下位置：The mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar, **mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar, or mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar files are installed in the following location:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.4 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_6.4\enu\mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_6.4/enu/mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar 、**mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar 。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre7.jar, **mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre8.jar, or mssql-jdbc-6.4.0.jre9.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.2For Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.2

mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar 文件安装在以下位置：The mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar or mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar files are installed in the following locations:

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.2 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_6.2\enu\mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_6.2/enu/mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar

确保 CLASSPATH 语句仅包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar 或 mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre7.jar or mssql-jdbc-6.2.2.jre8.jar.

对于 Microsoft JDBC Driver 4.1、4.2 和 6.0For Microsoft JDBC Driver 4.1, 4.2, and 6.0

Sqljdbc.jar 文件、sqljdbc4.jar 文件、sqljdbc41.jar 或 sqljdbc42.jar 文件安装在以下位置：The sqljdbc.jar file, sqljdbc4.jar file, sqljdbc41.jar, or sqljdbc42.jar file are installed in the following location:

\\sqljdbc_\\sqljdbc.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\sqljdbc4.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\sqljdbc41.jar

\\sqljdbc_\\sqljdbc42.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Windows 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Windows application:

CLASSPATH =.;C:\Program Files\Microsoft JDBC Driver 6.0 for SQL Server\sqljdbc_4.2\enu\sqljdbc42.jar

以下代码片段是用于 Unix/Linux 应用程序的 CLASSPATH 语句示例：The following snippet is an example of the CLASSPATH statement that is used for a Unix/Linux application:

CLASSPATH =.:/home/usr1/mssqlserverjdbc/Driver/sqljdbc_4.2/enu/sqljdbc42.jar

必须确保 CLASSPATH 语句只包含一个 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server，例如 sqljdbc.jar、sqljdbc4.jar、sqljdbc41.jar 或 sqljdbc42.jar。Make sure that the CLASSPATH statement contains only one Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server, such as either sqljdbc.jar, sqljdbc4.jar, sqljdbc41.jar, or sqljdbc42.jar.

备注

在 Windows 系统上，长度超过 8.3 文件名约定的目录名称或带有空格的文件夹名称可能会导致类路径问题。On Windows systems, directory names longer than the 8.3 filename convention or folder names with spaces may cause problems with classpaths. 如果你怀疑存在这些类型的问题，应将 sqljdbc.jar 文件、sqljdbc4.jar 文件或 sqljdbc41.jar 文件暂时移到简单的目录名称(例如 C:\Temp)中，更改类路径，然后确定是否已解决该问题。If you suspect these types of issues, you should temporarily move the sqljdbc.jar file, sqljdbc4.jar file, or the sqljdbc41.jar file into a simple directory name such as C:\Temp, change the classpath, and determine whether that addresses the problem.

直接在命令提示符运行的应用程序Applications that are run directly at the command prompt

classpath 是在操作系统中配置的。The classpath is configured in the operating system. 将 sqljdbc.jar、sqljdbc4.jar 或 sqljdbc41.jar 追加到系统的 classpath 中。Append sqljdbc.jar, sqljdbc4.jar, or sqljdbc41.jar to the classpath of the system. 或者，可使用 java -classpath 选项，在运行此应用程序的 Java 命令行上指定 classpath。Alternatively, you can specify the classpath on the Java command line that runs the application by using the java -classpath option.

在 IDE 中运行的应用程序Applications that run in an IDE

每个 IDE 供应商都提供了在 IDE 中设置 classpath 的不同方法。Each IDE vendor provides a different method for setting the classpath in its IDE. 仅在操作系统中设置 classpath 将无法正常工作。Just setting the classpath in the operating system will not work. 必须将 sqljdbc.jar、sqljdbc4.jar 或 sqljdbc41.jar 添加到 IDE 类路径。You must add sqljdbc.jar, sqljdbc4.jar, or sqljdbc41.jar to the IDE classpath.

Servlet 和 JSPServlets and JSPs

Servlet 和 JSP 在 servlet/JSP 引擎(如 Tomcat)中运行。Servlets and JSPs are run in a servlet/JSP engine such as Tomcat. 必须根据 servlet/JSP 引擎文档来设置 classpath。The classpath must be set according to the servlet/JSP engine documentation. 仅在操作系统中设置 classpath 将无法正常工作。Just setting the classpath in the operating system will not work. 一些 servlet/JSP 引擎提供了设置屏幕，用于设置引擎的 classpath。Some servlet/JSP engines provide setup screens that you can use to set the classpath of the engine. 在这种情况下，必须将正确的 JDBC 驱动程序 JAR 文件追加到现有的引擎 classpath，然后重新启动引擎。In that situation, you must append the correct JDBC Driver JAR file to the existing engine classpath and restart the engine. 在其他情况下，通过在引擎安装期间将 sqljdbc.jar、sqljdbc4.jar 或 sqljdbc41.jar 复制到 lib 之类的特定目录，可以部署此驱动程序。In other situations, you can deploy the driver by copying sqljdbc.jar, sqljdbc4.jar, or sqljdbc41.jar to a specific directory, such as lib, during engine installation. 也可以在引擎专用的配置文件中指定引擎驱动程序的 classpath。The engine driver classpath can also be specified in an engine-specific configuration file.

Enterprise Java BeansEnterprise Java Beans

Enterprise Java Bean (EJB) 在 EJB 容器中运行。Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) are run in an EJB container. EJB 容器来自多家供应商。EJB containers are sourced from various vendors. Java 小程序在浏览器中运行，但是从 Web 服务器上下载的。Java applets run in a browser but are downloaded from a web server. 将 sqljdbc.jar、sqljdbc4.jar 或 sqljdbc41.jar 复制到 Web 服务器根并在小程序的 HTML 存档选项卡中指定 JAR 文件的名称，例如 。Copy sqljdbc.jar, sqljdbc4.jar, or sqljdbc41.jar to the web server root and specify the name of the JAR file in the HTML archive tab of the applet, for example, .

与数据库建立简单连接Making a simple connection to a database

使用 sqljdbc.jar 类库时，应用程序必须首先按如下所示注册驱动程序：Using the sqljdbc.jar class library, applications must first register the driver as follows:

Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");

加载驱动程序后，可通过使用连接 URL 和 DriverManager 类的 getConnection 方法来建立连接：When the driver is loaded, you can establish a connection by using a connection URL and the getConnection method of the DriverManager class:

String connectionUrl = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;" +

"databaseName=AdventureWorks;user=MyUserName;password=_****;";

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionUrl);

从 JDBC API 4.0 开始，DriverManager.getConnection() 方法得到了增强，可自动加载 JDBC 驱动程序。Starting from JDBC API 4.0, the DriverManager.getConnection() method is enhanced to load JDBC drivers automatically. 因此，使用驱动程序 jar 库时，应用程序无需调用 Class.forName 方法来注册或加载驱动程序。Therefore, applications do not need to call the Class.forName method to register or load the driver when using driver jar libraries.

调用 DriverManager 类的 getConnection 方法时，会从已注册的 JDBC 驱动程序集中找到相应的驱动程序。When the getConnection method of the DriverManager class is called, an appropriate driver is located from the set of registered JDBC drivers. sqljdbc4.jar、sqljdbc41.jar 或 sqljdbc42.jar 文件包括“META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver”文件，其中包含 com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver 作为注册驱动程序。sqljdbc4.jar, sqljdbc41.jar, or sqljdbc42.jar file includes "META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver" file, which contains the com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver as a registered driver. 当前通过使用 Class.forName 方法加载驱动程序的现有应用程序将继续工作，无需进行修改。The existing applications, which currently load the drivers by using the Class.forName method, will continue to work without modification.

备注

sqljdbc4.jar、sqljdbc41.jar 或 sqljdbc42.jar 类库无法用于较早版本的 Java Runtime Environment (JRE)。sqljdbc4.jar, sqljdbc41.jar, or sqljdbc42.jar class library cannot be used with older versions of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). 有关 Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server 支持的 JRE 版本列表，请参阅 JDBC 驱动程序的系统要求。See System requirements for the JDBC driver for the list of JRE versions supported by the Microsoft JDBC Driver for SQL ServerMicrosoft JDBC Driver for SQL Server.

若要详细了解如何与数据源连接，以及如何使用连接 URL，请参阅生成连接 URL 和设置连接属性。For more information about how to connect with data sources and use a connection URL, see Building the connection URL and Setting the connection properties.

另请参阅See also