java中的srue和false_【Python笔记】第5章 if语句

1.简单示例

2.条件测试

2.1是否相等(==)

检查是否相等时区分大小写。

car='bmw'

car=='bmw'

True

car=='audi'

False

2.2是否不相等(!=)

requested_topping='mushrooms'

if requested_topping != 'anchovies':

print("Hold the anchovies")

#Hold the anchovies

2.3比较数字

== 等于

!= 不等于

< 小于 > 大于

<=小于等于 >=大于等于

2.4检查多个条件

2.4.1使用and

只要一个没通过，整个表达式就为False

age_0=22

age_1=18

age_0>=21 and age_1>=21

#False

2.4.2使用or

只要一个满足，整个通过。

age_0>=21 or age_1>=21

#True

2.5是否包含在列表中(in)

requested_toppings=['mushrooms','onions','pineapple']

'mushrooms' in requested_toppings

#True

'pepperoni' in requested_toppings

#False

2.6是否不包含在列表中(not in)

banned_users=['andrew','carolina','david']

user='marie'

if user not in banned_users:

print(user.title()+", you can post a responce if you wish.")

#Marie, you can post a responce if you wish.

2.7布尔表达式

条件测试的别名，结果要么是True,要么是False.

3. if语句

3.1简单的if语句

age=19

if age>=18:

print("You are old enough to vote!")

print("Have you registered to vote yet?")

#You are old enough to vote!

#Have you registered to vote yet?

3.2if-else语句

条件测试通过时执行一个操作，并没有通过时执行另一个操作。

age=17

if age>=18:

print("You are old enough to vote!")

print("Have you registered to vote yet?")

else:

print("Sorry, you are too young to vote.")

print("Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18.")

#Sorry, you are too young to vote.

#Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18.

3.3if-elif-else语句

需要检查超过两个的情形，可以使用Python提供的if-elif-else结构。Python只执行其中一个代码块，执行紧跟在它后面的代码，并跳过余下的测试。

age=12

if age<4:

price=0

elif age<18:

price=5

else:

price=10

print("You admission cost is $"+str(price)+".")

#You admission cost is $5.

3.4多elif代码块

可根据需要使用任意数量的elif代码块。

age=66

if age<4:

price=0

elif age<18:

price=5

elif age<65:

price=10

else:

price=5

print("You admission cost is $"+str(price)+".")

#You admission cost is $5.

3.5省略else代码块

并不要求if-elif结构后面必须有else代码块，可用elif代替。

age=66

if age<4:

price=0

elif age<18:

price=5

elif age<65:

price=10

elif age>=65:

price=5

print("You admission cost is $"+str(price)+".")

#You admission cost is $5.

3.6测试多个条件

if-elif-else结构仅适合只有一个条件满足的情况，遇到通过的测试后，Python就跳过余下的测试。

如果必须检查所有条件，应使用一系列if语句。

requested_toppings=['mushrooms','extra cheese']

if 'mushrooms' in requested_toppings:

print("Adding mushrooms.")

if 'pepperoni' in requested_toppings:

print("Adding pepperoni.")

if 'extra cheese' in requested_toppings:

print("Adding extra cheese.")

print("\nFinish making your pizza!")

结果

Adding mushrooms.

Adding extra cheese.

Finish making your pizza!

4.使用if语句处理列表

结合使用if语句和列表。

4.1检查特殊元素

requested_toppings=['mushrooms','green peppers','extra cheese']

for requested_topping in requested_toppings:

if requested_topping=='green peppers':

print("Sorry, we are out of green pepper right now.")

else:

print("Adding "+requested_topping+".")

print("\nFinished making your pizza.")

#结果

Adding mushrooms.

Sorry, we are out of green pepper right now.

Adding extra cheese.

Finished making your pizza.

4.2确定列表不是空的

在运行for循环前，确定列表是否为空很重要。

在if语句中将列表名用在条件表达式中，Python将在列表至少包含一个元素时返回True，并在列表为空时返回False.

requested_toppings=[]

if requested_toppings:

for requested_topping in requested_toppings:

print("Adding "+requested_topping+".")

print("\nFinished making your pizza.")

else:

print("Are you srue you want a plain pizza?")

#Are you srue you want a plain pizza?

4.3使用多个列表

available_toppings=['mushrooms','olives','green peppers',

'pepperoni','pineapple','extra cheese']

requested_toppings=['mushrooms','french fries','extra cheese']

for requested_topping in requested_toppings:

if requested_topping in available_toppings:

print("Adding "+requested_topping+".")

else:

print("Sorry, we don't have"+requested_topping+".")

print("\nFinished making your pizza.")

#结果

Adding mushrooms.

Sorry, we don't havefrench fries.

Adding extra cheese.

Finished making your pizza.