用过的加密方式---Base64、MD5

一、Base64加密

Base64是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节代码的编码方式之一，Base64并不是安全领域的加密算法，其实Base64只能算是一个编码算法，对数据内容进行编码来适合传输。标准Base64编码解码无需额外信息即完全可逆，即使你自己自定义字符集设计一种类Base64的编码方式用于数据加密，在多数场景下也较容易破解。Base64编码本质上是一种将二进制数据转成文本数据的方案。对于非二进制数据，是先将其转换成二进制形式，然后每连续6比特（2的6次方=64）计算其十进制值，根据该值在A--Z,a--z,0--9,+,/ 这64个字符中找到对应的字符，最终得到一个文本字符串。基本规则如下几点：

  1，标准Base64只有64个字符（英文大小写、数字和+、/）以及用作后缀等号；
  2，Base64是把3个字节变成4个可打印字符，所以Base64编码后的字符串一定能被4整除（不算用作后缀的等号）；
  3，等号一定用作后缀，且数目一定是0个、1个或2个。这是因为如果原文长度不能被3整除，Base64要在后面添加\0凑齐3n位。为了正确还原，添加了几个\0就加上几个等号。显然添加等号的数目只能是0、1或2；
  4，严格来说Base64不能算是一种加密，只能说是编码转换。
 

使用：

由于二进制的一些字符在网络协议中属于控制字符，不能直接传送，因此需要用Base64编码之后传输，编码之后传输的是一些很普通的ASCII字符。
Base64常用于邮件编码，当邮件中有二进制数据时，就要编码转换。
图片的编码
Url中有二进制数据，这个时候需要Base64编码(Web安全的Base64)
可以进行简单的加密，Base64的编解码规则是透明的，因此用Base64加密时要加盐。

 final Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getDecoder();
 final Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getEncoder();
 final String text = "字串文字";
 final byte[] textByte = text.getBytes("UTF-8");
 //编码
 final String encodedText = encoder.encodeToString(textByte);
 System.out.println(encodedText);
 //解码
 System.out.println(new String(decoder.decode(encodedText), "UTF-8"));

 

 

二、MD5加密  

飞机：https://www.jianshu.com/p/82729c87ef68  C++实现代码在下方

1） 压缩性：任意长度的数据，算出的MD5值长度都是固定的。

：MD5使用4个32位的数据，和数据中的每个32位的数据进行计算，最终输出这4个32位数

2）容易计算：从原数据计算出MD5值很容易。

3）抗修改性：对原数据进行任何改动，哪怕只修改1个字节，所得到的MD5值都有很大区别。

4）强抗碰撞：已知原数据和其MD5值，想找到一个具有相同MD5值的数据（即伪造数据）是非常困难的。 

：MD5是个128位的数，那么假设有N个完全不同的文件足够随机足够散列 那么当N大于2^128时才有可能出现重复

 

使用：

1）一致性验证（密码校验） 2）数字签名 3）安全访问认证

加盐：加盐方式有很多，为防止穷举法破解，可加盐或多次MD5加密

1,string+key（盐值key）然后进行MD5加密

2,用string明文的hashcode作为盐，然后进行MD5加密

3,随机生成一串字符串作为盐，然后进行MD5加密

 

/**
 * @file md5.h
 * @The header file of md5.
 * @author Jiewei Wei
 * @mail weijieweijerry@163.com
 * @github https://github.com/JieweiWei
 * @data Oct 19 2014
 *
 */

#ifndef MD5_H
#define MD5_H

/* Parameters of MD5. */
#define s11 7
#define s12 12
#define s13 17
#define s14 22
#define s21 5
#define s22 9
#define s23 14
#define s24 20
#define s31 4
#define s32 11
#define s33 16
#define s34 23
#define s41 6
#define s42 10
#define s43 15
#define s44 21

/**
 * @Basic MD5 functions.
 *
 * @param there bit32.
 *
 * @return one bit32.
 */
#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
#define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))

/**
 * @Rotate Left.
 *
 * @param {num} the raw number.
 *
 * @param {n} rotate left n.
 *
 * @return the number after rotated left.
 */
#define ROTATELEFT(num, n) (((num) << (n)) | ((num) >> (32-(n))))

/**
 * @Transformations for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4.
 */
#define FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
  (a) += F ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
  (a) = ROTATELEFT ((a), (s)); \
  (a) += (b); \
}
#define GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
  (a) += G ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
  (a) = ROTATELEFT ((a), (s)); \
  (a) += (b); \
}
#define HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
  (a) += H ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
  (a) = ROTATELEFT ((a), (s)); \
  (a) += (b); \
}
#define II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
  (a) += I ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
  (a) = ROTATELEFT ((a), (s)); \
  (a) += (b); \
}

#include <string>
#include <cstring>

using std::string;

/* Define of btye.*/
typedef unsigned char byte;
/* Define of byte. */
typedef unsigned int bit32;

class MD5 {
public:
  /* Construct a MD5 object with a string. */
  MD5(const string& message);

  /* Generate md5 digest. */
  const byte* getDigest();

  /* Convert digest to string value */
  string toStr();

private:
  /* Initialization the md5 object, processing another message block,
   * and updating the context.*/
  void init(const byte* input, size_t len);

  /* MD5 basic transformation. Transforms state based on block. */
  void transform(const byte block[64]);

  /* Encodes input (usigned long) into output (byte). */
  void encode(const bit32* input, byte* output, size_t length);

  /* Decodes input (byte) into output (usigned long). */
  void decode(const byte* input, bit32* output, size_t length);

private:
  /* Flag for mark whether calculate finished. */
  bool finished;

	/* state (ABCD). */
  bit32 state[4];

  /* number of bits, low-order word first. */
  bit32 count[2];

  /* input buffer. */
  byte buffer[64];

  /* message digest. */
  byte digest[16];

	/* padding for calculate. */
  static const byte PADDING[64];

  /* Hex numbers. */
  static const char HEX_NUMBERS[16];
};

#endif // MD5_H

/**
 * @file md5.cpp
 * @The implement of md5.
 * @author Jiewei Wei
 * @mail weijieweijerry@163.com
 * @github https://github.com/JieweiWei
 * @data Oct 19 2014
 *
 */

#include "md5.h"

/* Define the static member of MD5. */
const byte MD5::PADDING[64] = { 0x80 };
const char MD5::HEX_NUMBERS[16] = {
  '0', '1', '2', '3',
  '4', '5', '6', '7',
  '8', '9', 'a', 'b',
  'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'
};

/**
 * @Construct a MD5 object with a string.
 *
 * @param {message} the message will be transformed.
 *
 */
MD5::MD5(const string& message) {
  finished = false;
  /* Reset number of bits. */
  count[0] = count[1] = 0;
  /* Initialization constants. */
  state[0] = 0x67452301;
  state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
  state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
  state[3] = 0x10325476;

  /* Initialization the object according to message. */
  init((const byte*)message.c_str(), message.length());
}

/**
 * @Generate md5 digest.
 *
 * @return the message-digest.
 *
 */
const byte* MD5::getDigest() {
  if (!finished) {
    finished = true;

    byte bits[8];
    bit32 oldState[4];
    bit32 oldCount[2];
    bit32 index, padLen;

    /* Save current state and count. */
    memcpy(oldState, state, 16);
    memcpy(oldCount, count, 8);

    /* Save number of bits */
    encode(count, bits, 8);

    /* Pad out to 56 mod 64. */
    index = (bit32)((count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
    padLen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);
    init(PADDING, padLen);

    /* Append length (before padding) */
    init(bits, 8);

    /* Store state in digest */
    encode(state, digest, 16);

    /* Restore current state and count. */
    memcpy(state, oldState, 16);
    memcpy(count, oldCount, 8);
  }
  return digest;
}

/**
 * @Initialization the md5 object, processing another message block,
 * and updating the context.
 *
 * @param {input} the input message.
 *
 * @param {len} the number btye of message.
 *
 */
void MD5::init(const byte* input, size_t len) {

  bit32 i, index, partLen;

  finished = false;

  /* Compute number of bytes mod 64 */
  index = (bit32)((count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);

  /* update number of bits */
  if ((count[0] += ((bit32)len << 3)) < ((bit32)len << 3)) {
    ++count[1];
  }
  count[1] += ((bit32)len >> 29);

  partLen = 64 - index;

  /* transform as many times as possible. */
  if (len >= partLen) {

    memcpy(&buffer[index], input, partLen);
    transform(buffer);

    for (i = partLen; i + 63 < len; i += 64) {
      transform(&input[i]);
    }
    index = 0;

  } else {
    i = 0;
  }

  /* Buffer remaining input */
  memcpy(&buffer[index], &input[i], len - i);
}

/**
 * @MD5 basic transformation. Transforms state based on block.
 *
 * @param {block} the message block.
 */
void MD5::transform(const byte block[64]) {

  bit32 a = state[0], b = state[1], c = state[2], d = state[3], x[16];

  decode(block, x, 64);

  /* Round 1 */
  FF (a, b, c, d, x[ 0], s11, 0xd76aa478);
  FF (d, a, b, c, x[ 1], s12, 0xe8c7b756);
  FF (c, d, a, b, x[ 2], s13, 0x242070db);
  FF (b, c, d, a, x[ 3], s14, 0xc1bdceee);
  FF (a, b, c, d, x[ 4], s11, 0xf57c0faf);
  FF (d, a, b, c, x[ 5], s12, 0x4787c62a);
  FF (c, d, a, b, x[ 6], s13, 0xa8304613);
  FF (b, c, d, a, x[ 7], s14, 0xfd469501);
  FF (a, b, c, d, x[ 8], s11, 0x698098d8);
  FF (d, a, b, c, x[ 9], s12, 0x8b44f7af);
  FF (c, d, a, b, x[10], s13, 0xffff5bb1);
  FF (b, c, d, a, x[11], s14, 0x895cd7be);
  FF (a, b, c, d, x[12], s11, 0x6b901122);
  FF (d, a, b, c, x[13], s12, 0xfd987193);
  FF (c, d, a, b, x[14], s13, 0xa679438e);
  FF (b, c, d, a, x[15], s14, 0x49b40821);

  /* Round 2 */
  GG (a, b, c, d, x[ 1], s21, 0xf61e2562);
  GG (d, a, b, c, x[ 6], s22, 0xc040b340);
  GG (c, d, a, b, x[11], s23, 0x265e5a51);
  GG (b, c, d, a, x[ 0], s24, 0xe9b6c7aa);
  GG (a, b, c, d, x[ 5], s21, 0xd62f105d);
  GG (d, a, b, c, x[10], s22,  0x2441453);
  GG (c, d, a, b, x[15], s23, 0xd8a1e681);
  GG (b, c, d, a, x[ 4], s24, 0xe7d3fbc8);
  GG (a, b, c, d, x[ 9], s21, 0x21e1cde6);
  GG (d, a, b, c, x[14], s22, 0xc33707d6);
  GG (c, d, a, b, x[ 3], s23, 0xf4d50d87);
  GG (b, c, d, a, x[ 8], s24, 0x455a14ed);
  GG (a, b, c, d, x[13], s21, 0xa9e3e905);
  GG (d, a, b, c, x[ 2], s22, 0xfcefa3f8);
  GG (c, d, a, b, x[ 7], s23, 0x676f02d9);
  GG (b, c, d, a, x[12], s24, 0x8d2a4c8a);

  /* Round 3 */
  HH (a, b, c, d, x[ 5], s31, 0xfffa3942);
  HH (d, a, b, c, x[ 8], s32, 0x8771f681);
  HH (c, d, a, b, x[11], s33, 0x6d9d6122);
  HH (b, c, d, a, x[14], s34, 0xfde5380c);
  HH (a, b, c, d, x[ 1], s31, 0xa4beea44);
  HH (d, a, b, c, x[ 4], s32, 0x4bdecfa9);
  HH (c, d, a, b, x[ 7], s33, 0xf6bb4b60);
  HH (b, c, d, a, x[10], s34, 0xbebfbc70);
  HH (a, b, c, d, x[13], s31, 0x289b7ec6);
  HH (d, a, b, c, x[ 0], s32, 0xeaa127fa);
  HH (c, d, a, b, x[ 3], s33, 0xd4ef3085);
  HH (b, c, d, a, x[ 6], s34,  0x4881d05);
  HH (a, b, c, d, x[ 9], s31, 0xd9d4d039);
  HH (d, a, b, c, x[12], s32, 0xe6db99e5);
  HH (c, d, a, b, x[15], s33, 0x1fa27cf8);
  HH (b, c, d, a, x[ 2], s34, 0xc4ac5665);

  /* Round 4 */
  II (a, b, c, d, x[ 0], s41, 0xf4292244);
  II (d, a, b, c, x[ 7], s42, 0x432aff97);
  II (c, d, a, b, x[14], s43, 0xab9423a7);
  II (b, c, d, a, x[ 5], s44, 0xfc93a039);
  II (a, b, c, d, x[12], s41, 0x655b59c3);
  II (d, a, b, c, x[ 3], s42, 0x8f0ccc92);
  II (c, d, a, b, x[10], s43, 0xffeff47d);
  II (b, c, d, a, x[ 1], s44, 0x85845dd1);
  II (a, b, c, d, x[ 8], s41, 0x6fa87e4f);
  II (d, a, b, c, x[15], s42, 0xfe2ce6e0);
  II (c, d, a, b, x[ 6], s43, 0xa3014314);
  II (b, c, d, a, x[13], s44, 0x4e0811a1);
  II (a, b, c, d, x[ 4], s41, 0xf7537e82);
  II (d, a, b, c, x[11], s42, 0xbd3af235);
  II (c, d, a, b, x[ 2], s43, 0x2ad7d2bb);
  II (b, c, d, a, x[ 9], s44, 0xeb86d391);

  state[0] += a;
  state[1] += b;
  state[2] += c;
  state[3] += d;
}

/**
* @Encodes input (unsigned long) into output (byte).
*
* @param {input} usigned long.
*
* @param {output} byte.
*
* @param {length} the length of input.
*
*/
void MD5::encode(const bit32* input, byte* output, size_t length) {

  for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; ++i, j += 4) {
    output[j]= (byte)(input[i] & 0xff);
    output[j + 1] = (byte)((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
    output[j + 2] = (byte)((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
    output[j + 3] = (byte)((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
  }
}

/**
 * @Decodes input (byte) into output (usigned long).
 *
 * @param {input} bytes.
 *
 * @param {output} unsigned long.
 *
 * @param {length} the length of input.
 *
 */
void MD5::decode(const byte* input, bit32* output, size_t length) {
  for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; ++i, j += 4) {
    output[i] = ((bit32)input[j]) | (((bit32)input[j + 1]) << 8) |
    (((bit32)input[j + 2]) << 16) | (((bit32)input[j + 3]) << 24);
  }
}


/**
 * @Convert digest to string value.
 *
 * @return the hex string of digest.
 *
 */
string MD5::toStr() {
  const byte* digest_ = getDigest();
  string str;
  str.reserve(16 << 1);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
    int t = digest_[i];
    int a = t / 16;
    int b = t % 16;
    str.append(1, HEX_NUMBERS[a]);
    str.append(1, HEX_NUMBERS[b]);
  }
  return str;
}