linux 字符串驱动,linux中秒字符设备驱动

下面单单是驱动和应用程序(包含注释)

使用内核定时器的second字符设备驱动，代码如下

#include

#include

#include

#include

//建立自动设备节点要包含的头文件

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define SECOND_MAJOR 248

static struct class *firstdrv_class;//自动建立设备节点时要用到一个类

static int second_major = SECOND_MAJOR;//定义主设备号为248

//设备结构体

struct second_dev {

struct cdev cdev;

atomic_t counter;//定义一个原子变量

struct timer_list

s_timer;//定义定时器结构体里面包含定时处理函数，定时到期时间等

};

struct second_dev *second_devp;//设备结构体指针

//定时器处理函数

static void second_timer_handle(unsigned long arg)

{

mod_timer(&second_devp->s_timer,jiffies

+ HZ);//重新加载定时器的到期时间在原来基础上加多1s

atomic_inc(&second_devp->counter);//原子变量值加1

printk(KERN_NOTICE "current jiffies is

\n",jiffies);//打印，我们定时处理函数实现功能就是打印

}

int second_open(struct inode *inode,struct file

*filp)//打开函数

{

init_timer(&second_devp->s_timer);//初始化定时器

second_devp->s_timer.function =

&second_timer_handle;//指定定时处理函数

second_devp->s_timer.expires = jiffies +

HZ;//指定定时到期时间，在原来上1s后调用定时处理函数

add_timer(&second_devp->s_timer);//将定时器加到内核动态定时器链表中，注册定时器

atomic_set(&second_devp->counter,0);//初始化原子变量的值为0

return 0;

}

//关闭文件

int second_release(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp)

{

del_timer(&second_devp->s_timer);//删除定时器

return 0;

}

static ssize_t second_read(struct file *filp,char __user

*buf,size_t count,loff_t *ppos)

{

int counter;

counter =

atomic_read(&second_devp->counter);//获得原子变量的值

if(put_user(counter,(int

*)buf))//put_user()实现内核->用户

return -EFAULT;

else

return sizeof(unsigned int);//返回字节

}

static const struct file_operations second_fops = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.open = second_open,

.release = second_release,

.read = second_read,

};

//用于cdev初始化函数

static void second_setup_cdev(struct second_dev *dev,int

index)

{

int err,devno = MKDEV(second_major,index);//合并主次设备号

cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&second_fops);//初始化设备(cdev)，建立cdev和file_operations

连接

dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;

err =

cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);//注册设备到内核

if(err)

printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding

LED%d",err,index);

}

int second_init(void)

{

int ret;

dev_t devno = MKDEV(second_major,0);//合并主次设备号为dev_t格式

if(second_major)

ret =

register_chrdev_region(devno,1,"second");//申请设备号

else{

ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,

0, 1, "second");//动态申请设备号

second_major = MAJOR(devno);//获得主设备号

}

if(ret < 0)

return ret;

firstdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,

"second_major");//建立firstdrv这个类

device_create(firstdrv_class,NULL,devno,NULL,"second");//自动创建设备节点/dev/LED

second_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct

second_dev),GFP_KERNEL);//动态申请设备结构体内存

if(!second_devp){

ret = -ENOMEM;

goto fail_malloc;

}

memset(second_devp,0,sizeof(struct second_dev));//清除设备结构体内存

second_setup_cdev(second_devp,0);//初始化cdev

return 0;

fail_malloc:

unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);

return ret;

}

void second_exit(void)

{

cdev_del(&second_devp->cdev);//注销cdev

kfree(second_devp);//释放设备结构体内存

unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(second_major,0),1);//释放设备号

device_destroy(firstdrv_class,MKDEV(second_major,0));

class_destroy(firstdrv_class);//释放这个类，干掉它

}

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

module_init(second_init);

module_exit(second_exit);

下面是应用程序

#include

#include

#include

#include

main()

{

int fd;

int counter = 0;

int old_counter = 0;

fd = open("/dev/second",O_RDONLY);//打开设备

if(fd != -1){

while(1){

read(fd,&counter,sizeof(unsigned

int));//从fd指向描述符中读取sizeof(unsigned int)字节到counter

if(counter !=

old_counter){//是否等于old_counter

printf("seconds

after open /dev/second : %d\n",counter);

old_counter =

counter;//这样的话就同步了

}

}

}else{

printf("Device open failure\n");

}

}

下面是运行时现象(开发板TQ2440，内核linux-2.6.30.4)

[root@cgyl2010 ~]#insmod yueyi.ko

[root@cgyl2010 ~]#./cgy

current jiffies is 673103

seconds after open /dev/second : 1

current jiffies is 673303

seconds after open /dev/second : 2

current jiffies is 673503

seconds after open /dev/second : 3

current jiffies is 673703

seconds after open /dev/second : 4

current jiffies is 673903

seconds after open /dev/second : 5

current jiffies is 674103

seconds after open /dev/second : 6

current jiffies is 674303

seconds after open /dev/second : 7

current jiffies is 674503

seconds after open /dev/second : 8

current jiffies is 674703

seconds after open /dev/second : 9

....