economical计算机英语,计算机英语教学课件作者杨芸主编杨蕾李连弟副主编unit13.ppt...

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-13 19:53:12 发布

上海Josh哥

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-13 19:53:12 发布

阅读量88

点赞数

文章标签： economical计算机英语

计算机英语教学课件作者杨芸主编杨蕾李连弟副主编unit13.ppt

(21页)

本资源提供全文预览，点击全文预览即可全文预览,如果喜欢文档就下载吧，查找使用更方便哦！

9.90 积分

unit Thirteen Bridges，Routers，and Gateways Bridges，Routers，and Gateways When a separate server is used as a gateway，cabling costs and installation time are reduced and moves and changes are easier .In fact，users cab change the physical location of their equipment and retain their logical address on the network. With communications functions off-loaded from the host， valuable processing resources are made available for more important tasks. Another advantage of using gateways is simplified network management. Instead of monitoring the traffic of 100microcomputers on the network，managers would have to monitor only a single gateway，which appears to the host as a single peripheral device. In this case，a separate cluster controller is unnecessary because the gateway replaces it. Gateways are capable of extracting detailed information about the data traffic that passes through them and about the status of the data links it interfaces with. The gateway can ensure that the links threshold. In addition，it can monitor the various protocols being used; making sure that enough protocol conversion processing power is available for any given application. The gateway’s management system can generate a variety of reports that can be output automatically at specified times or as demand warrants using a keyboard command. Network statistics can be archived for trend analysis，which can assist in ling-range planning， Bridges，which operate at his date link layer of the OSI model，interconnect LANs that have the same type of operating system. Therefore，the bridge dose not has to perform protocol conversion. In this case，bridge simply looks at the packet address to see where it is going. The bridge then forwards data packets destined for an address beyond the local network to other networks. For example，a bridge can interconnect DECnet，TCP/IP，or Xerox Network Services(XNS) networks but cannot ensure that users on another. That level of performance is provided by a router. A router has more intelligence capabilities than a bridge because it can handle several levels of addressing. It keeps a map of the entire network，including all the devices operating at or below its own protocol level. Whereas a bridge only checks the packet address to see if it is bound for another network，a router looks deeper Referring to its internet work map; it examines the status of the different paths to the destination and chooses the best method of getting the packet to the addressee. Routers are protocol-dependent-----that is，they can be used only to link LANs that have identical protocols. A gateway operates at the highest levels of the OSI reference model. It interconnects networks network or media with different architectures by processing protocols to allow a device on one type of LAN to communicate with a device on another type. Therefore，a Systems Network Architecture(SNA) gateway，for example，may be used to inter。省略部分。es provide the link between LANs. With smaller packets，there is less chance that the data will be corrupted by noise on the line. Even if that occurs and a retrains-mission is necessary，the smaller packet size reduces information delay. Gateways Because organizations general consist of specialized work groups，different networks may be needed to meet the requirements of different users. When a device performs protocol conversions that allow information to be exchanged between the varies networks，it is called a gateway. As organizations become more complex，the ability to share files and communicate information across diverse networks becomes necessary to improve efficiency and productivity. The need to connect dissimilar LANs may also arise as the result of corporate mergers or acquisitions，or it may stem from the desire to interconnect LANs with WANs(e.g.，packet-switched networks) for economical data transport over long distances. Whatever the justification for linking dissimilar networks，gateways are designed to do the job. A gateway can physically consist of a two-port card that plugs into the expansion，slots of the microcomputer that has been designated as the server. The two-port configuration allows gateways to perform speed conversion. For example，one port on the board might provide a 64K-bps connection. Together，the two ports can support up to 32concurrent sessions. Some gateways even include a built-in packet assembler-disassemble to provide logical access，eliminating the need for separate units. Access to the gateway is controlled by assigning specific ports to certain microcomputers. When a microcomputer requests access to the gateway，it is given the port reserved for it. Because no other microcomputer can access the port，security is enforced. Under this scheme，each port may have access privileges associated with it. One port may provide access to all mainframe applications，for example，whereas anther port may be limited to only one application. The problem with dedicated access is that idle ports cannot be used by anyone else，which means that efficiency is sacrificed for the sake of security. When security is not an issue，gateway access may be on a contention basis，providing more opportunities for users to link with the mainframe or other network resources because users are not limited to specific gateway ports. Some gateways permit both shared and dedicated access，allowing some ports to be reserved for specific microcomputers and the rest pooled for general use. Conclusion Bridges，routers，and gateways provide varying levels of connectivity，efficiency，and economy to corporate networking. The choice of interconnection device hinges largely on the topology of the network and the types of applications being run on the network，such devices are increasingly appreciated not only for providing internetworking connectivity but for helping to unify the organization in to an enterprise wide utility. 关键词：主编作者副主编 unit13 教学 unit 英语 13 计算机

天天文库所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。