最近准备面试,整理一下知识点,虽然hashmap的源码在网上都已经快翻烂了,但是自己再写一遍也会加深一下记忆,再走一遍源码,就感觉hashmap是自己写的对不对!
之后我也会分析一下1.8的hashmap的源码!好了 屁话不多说,开始我们源码分析!
1.基本属性
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;//默认容量
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;//最大容量2的30次幂,超过这个容量用之替换
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;//默认负载因子0.75
transient Entry<K,V>[] table;//Entry数组保存键值对
transient int size; //键值对的数量
int threshold; //扩容的阈值 等于负载因子乘以容量
final float loadFactor; //负载因子实际大小
transient int modCount; //HashMap被改变的次数
2.构造函数
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
// Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
int capacity = 1;
while (capacity < initialCapacity)
capacity <<= 1;
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
threshold = (int)Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
table = new Entry[capacity];
useAltHashing = sun.misc.VM.isBooted() &&
(capacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD);
init();
}
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
public HashMap() {
this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
putAllForCreate(m);
}
4个构造函数最终都会重载第一个构造函数
3.求hash值
final int hash(Object k) {
int h = 0;
if (useAltHashing) {
if (k instanceof String) {
return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
}
h = hashSeed;//随机hash值
}
h ^= k.hashCode();h与对象k的hashcode异或
//这段代码叫扰动函数,做了4次移位操作以及4次异或操作
h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
}
代码中的扰动函数起到了混合hash值中的高位代码与低位代码作用,增大了hash值低位的随机性,,防止hash值低位出现规律性,减少了冲突。
4.求hash值对应数组坐标
static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
return h & (length-1);
}
使用&代替取模,提高效率,也因为这个原因,使得hashmap以二倍扩容,因为数组长度如果为奇数,length-1就为偶数,末尾就为0,则对应下标取值全部会投影到偶数下标,增大冲突发生的可能,因此 以2的倍数扩容,使得length为偶数,减少冲突发生的次数。
5.get方法
public V get(Object key) {
if (key == null)
return getForNullKey();
Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key);
return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
}
如果key为空,则查找key==null的value ,这也说明了hashmap的key支持为空
private V getForNullKey() {
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
if (e.key == null)
return e.value;
}
return null;
}
如果key不为空,先找到entry节点
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
e != null;
e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
}
return null;
}
求key的hash值然后根据hash值找到再table中的下表,返回table节点数组中的头节点。
6. put方法
如果key不为空,先定位table数组下标,如果hash值与table数组中的某个节点相等,且key也相等,更改value值并返回,如果没有相等的则插入节点,头插
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
int hash = hash(key);
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
如果 key为空 ,将键值对插入table[0]下标处,头插
private V putForNullKey(V value) {
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
if (e.key == null) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
return null;
}
插入节点时如果大小大于阈值时2倍扩容,
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
resize(2 * table.length);
hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
}
createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}
7.扩容方式
void resize(int newCapacity) {
Entry[] oldTable = table;
int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
boolean oldAltHashing = useAltHashing;
useAltHashing |= sun.misc.VM.isBooted() &&
(newCapacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD);
boolean rehash = oldAltHashing ^ useAltHashing;
transfer(newTable, rehash);
table = newTable;
threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
}
创建2倍容量的新数组,将旧数组中的数据重新计算数组索引加入到新数组中
以上是我对hashmap关键部分代码的总结。不喜勿喷!