JUC中工具类CompletableFuture
CompletableFuture是java8中新增的一个类，算是对Future的一种增强，用起来很方便，也是会经常用到的一个工具类，熟悉一下。
CompletionStage接口
CompletionStage代表异步计算过程中的某一个阶段，一个阶段完成以后可能会触发另外一个阶段
一个阶段的计算执行可以是一个Function，Consumer或者Runnable。比如：stage.thenApply(x -> square(x)).thenAccept(x -> System.out.print(x)).thenRun(() -> System.out.println())
一个阶段的执行可能是被单个阶段的完成触发，也可能是由多个阶段一起触发
CompletableFuture类
在Java8中，CompletableFuture提供了非常强大的Future的扩展功能，可以帮助我们简化异步编程的复杂性，并且提供了函数式编程的能力，可以通过回调的方式处理计算结果，也提供了转换和组合 CompletableFuture 的方法。
它可能代表一个明确完成的Future，也有可能代表一个完成阶段( CompletionStage )，它支持在计算完成以后触发一些函数或执行某些动作。
它实现了Future和CompletionStage接口
常见的方法，熟悉一下：
runAsync 和 supplyAsync方法
CompletableFuture 提供了四个静态方法来创建一个异步操作。
public static CompletableFuture runAsync(Runnable runnable)
public static CompletableFuture runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor)
public static CompletableFuture supplyAsync(Supplier supplier)
public static CompletableFuture supplyAsync(Supplier supplier, Executor executor)
没有指定Executor的方法会使用ForkJoinPool.commonPool() 作为它的线程池执行异步代码。如果指定线程池，则使用指定的线程池运行。以下所有的方法都类同。
runAsync方法不支持返回值。
supplyAsync可以支持返回值。
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest1.runAsync();
CompletableFutureTest1.supplyAsync();
}
//runAsync方法不支持返回值 Runnable
public static void runAsync() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("run end ...");
});
future.get();
}
//supplyAsync可以支持返回值 Supplier
public static void supplyAsync() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("run end ...");
return System.currentTimeMillis();
});
//如果没有future.get()阻塞等待结果的话，因为CompletableFuture.supplyAsync()方法默认是守护线程形式执行任务，在主线程结束后会跟着退出，
// 如果传入的是线程池去执行，这不是守护线程，不会导致退出
long time = future.get();
System.out.println("time = "+time);
}
}
输出：
run end ...
run end ...
time = 1599556248764
计算结果完成时的回调方法
当CompletableFuture的计算结果完成，或者抛出异常的时候，可以执行特定的Action。主要是下面的方法：
public CompletableFuture whenComplete(BiConsumer super T,? super Throwable> action)
public CompletableFuture whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer super T,? super Throwable> action)
public CompletableFuture whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer super T,? super Throwable> action, Executor executor)
public CompletableFuture exceptionally(Function fn)
可以看到Action的类型是BiConsumer它可以处理正常的计算结果，或者异常情况。
whenComplete 和 whenCompleteAsync 的区别：
whenComplete：当前任务的线程继续执行 whenComplete 的任务。
whenCompleteAsync：把 whenCompleteAsync 这个任务继续提交给线程池来进行执行。
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest1.whenComplete();
CompletableFutureTest1.whenCompleteBySupply();
}
public static void whenComplete() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if (new Random().nextInt() % 2 >= 0) {
int i = 12 / 0;
//run end ...
//执行完成！
//int i = 12 / 0;
}
System.out.println("run end ...");
});
//对执行成功或者执行异常做处理的回调方法
future.whenComplete((avoid, throwable) -> {
//先判断是否抛异常分开处理
if (throwable != null) {
System.out.println("执行失败！" + throwable.getMessage());
} else {
System.out.println("执行完成！");
}
});
//对执行异常做处理的回调方法
future.exceptionally(throwable -> {
System.out.println("执行失败！" + throwable.getMessage());
return null;
}
);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
}
public static void whenCompleteBySupply() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
if (new Random().nextInt() % 2 >= 0) {
//int i = 12 / 0;
//run end ...
//执行完成！
//int i = 12 / 0;
}
System.out.println("run end ...");
return "success";
});
//whenComplete在thenAccept之前执行
future.thenAccept(result -> {
System.out.println(result);
});
//对执行成功或者执行异常做处理的回调方法
future.whenComplete((avoid, throwable) -> {
//先判断是否抛异常分开处理
if (throwable != null) {
System.out.println("执行失败！" + throwable.getMessage());
} else {
System.out.println("执行完成！");
}
});
//对执行异常做处理的回调方法
future.exceptionally(throwable -> {
System.out.println("执行失败！" + throwable.getMessage());
return null;
}
);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
}
}
输出：
执行失败！java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
执行失败！java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
run end ...
执行完成！
success
thenApply 方法
当一个线程依赖另一个线程时，可以使用 thenApply、thenApplyAsync 方法来把这两个线程串行化。
public CompletableFuture thenApply(Function super T,? extends U> fn)
public CompletableFuture thenApplyAsync(Function super T,? extends U> fn)
public CompletableFuture thenApplyAsync(Function super T,? extends U> fn, Executor executor)
Function super T,? extends U>
T：上一个任务返回结果的类型
U：当前任务的返回值类型
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest2.thenApply();
}
//多个CompletableFuture可以串行执行
//当一个线程依赖另一个线程时，可以使用 thenApply 方法来把这两个线程串行化。
//多个任务串行执行,第二个任务依赖第一个任务的结果。
private static void thenApply() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
long result = new Random().nextInt(100);
System.out.println("result1=" + result);
return result;
}
).thenApply((t -> {
long result = t * 5;
System.out.println("result2=" + result);
return result;
}));
//方式一：阻塞等待结果
long result = future.get();
System.out.println("result2: " + result);
//方式二：调用成功后接收任务的处理结果，并消费处理，无返回结果
future.thenAccept((r) -> {
System.out.println("result2: " + r);
});
}
}
输出：
result1=41
result2=205
result2: 205
result2: 205
handle 方法——可以处理正常和异常情况的thenApply 方法
handle 是执行任务完成时对结果的处理。
handle 方法和 thenApply 方法处理方式基本一样。不同的是 handle 是在任务完成后再执行，还可以处理异常的任务。thenApply 只可以执行正常的任务，任务出现异常则不执行 thenApply 方法。
public CompletionStage handle(BiFunction super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn);
public CompletionStage handleAsync(BiFunction super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn);
public CompletionStage handleAsync(BiFunction super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn,Executor executor);
示例：在 handle 中可以根据任务是否有异常来进行做相应的后续处理操作。而 thenApply 方法，如果上个任务出现错误，则不会执行 thenApply 方法。
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest3.handle();
}
public static void handle() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
int i = 10 / 0;
return new Random().nextInt(10);
}
}).handle(
(param, throwable) -> {
int result = -1;
if (throwable == null) {
result = param * 2;
} else {
System.out.println(throwable.getMessage());
}
return result;
}
/*new BiFunction() {
@Override
public Integer apply(Integer param, Throwable throwable) {
int result = -1;
if(throwable==null){
result = param * 2;
}else{
System.out.println(throwable.getMessage());
}
return result;
}
}*/);
System.out.println(future.get());
}
}
输出：
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
-1
thenAccept 消费处理结果——无返回结果
接收任务的处理结果，并消费处理，无返回结果。
public CompletionStage thenAccept(Consumer super T> action);
public CompletionStage thenAcceptAsync(Consumer super T> action);
public CompletionStage thenAcceptAsync(Consumer super T> action,Executor executor);
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//CompletableFutureTest3.handle();
CompletableFutureTest3.thenAccept();
}
public static void thenAccept() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return new Random().nextInt(10);
}
).thenAccept(integer -> {
System.out.println(integer);
});
future.get();
}
}
//输出：5
thenRun 方法——继续执行下一个Runnable任务，不获取上一个任务的处理结果
跟 thenAccept 方法不一样的是，不关心任务的处理结果。只要上面的任务执行完成，就开始执行 thenRun 。
public CompletionStage thenRun(Runnable action);
public CompletionStage thenRunAsync(Runnable action);
public CompletionStage thenRunAsync(Runnable action,Executor executor);
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest3.thenRun();
}
public static void thenRun() throws Exception{
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return new Random().nextInt(10);
}
}).thenRun(() -> {
System.out.println("thenRun ...");
});
future.get();
}
}
//2秒后输出：thenRun ...
thenCombine 合并任务
thenCombine 会把 两个 CompletionStage 的任务都执行完成后，把两个任务的结果一块交给 thenCombine 来处理。
public CompletionStage thenCombine(CompletionStage extends U> other,BiFunction super T,? super U,? extends V> fn);
public CompletionStage thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other,BiFunction super T,? super U,? extends V> fn);
public CompletionStage thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other,BiFunction super T,? super U,? extends V> fn,Executor executor);
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest3.thenCombine();
}
private static void thenCombine() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return "hello";
});
CompletableFuture future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
return "world";
});
CompletableFuture result = future1.thenCombine(future2, (result1, result2) -> {
return result1 + " " + result2;
});
System.out.println(result.get());
}
}
//输出：hello world
thenAcceptBoth
当两个CompletionStage都执行完成后，把结果一块交给thenAcceptBoth来进行消耗。
public CompletionStage thenAcceptBoth(CompletionStage extends U> other,BiConsumer super T, ? super U> action);
public CompletionStage thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other,BiConsumer super T, ? super U> action);
public CompletionStage thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage extends U> other,BiConsumer super T, ? super U> action, Executor executor);
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest3.thenAcceptBoth();
//等待守护进程执行完
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
}
private static void thenAcceptBoth() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f1=" + t);
return t;
});
CompletableFuture f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f2=" + t);
return t;
});
f1.thenAcceptBoth(f2, (result1, result2) -> {
System.out.println("f1=" + result1 + ";f2=" + result2 + ";");
});
}
}
输出：
f1=1
f2=1
f1=1;f2=1;
applyToEither 方法——有返回值消耗
两个CompletionStage，谁执行返回的结果快，我就用那个CompletionStage的结果进行下一步的转化操作。
public CompletionStage applyToEither(CompletionStage extends T> other,Function super T, U> fn);
public CompletionStage applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage extends T> other,Function super T, U> fn);
public CompletionStage applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage extends T> other,Function super T, U> fn,Executor executor);
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest3.applyToEither();
}
private static void applyToEither() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
int t = 1;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f1="+t);
return t;
});
CompletableFuture f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
int t = 2;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f2="+t);
return t;
});
CompletableFuture result = f1.applyToEither(f2, (r)->{
System.out.println(r);
return r * 2;
});
System.out.println(result.get());
}
输出：
f1=1
1
2
acceptEither 方法——无返回值消耗
两个CompletionStage，谁执行返回的结果快，我就用那个CompletionStage的结果进行下一步的消耗操作。注意，这时候其实两个CompletionStage都是会执行完的，只是我们只获取其中的一个比较快的结果而已，参考示例的输出。
public CompletionStage acceptEither(CompletionStage extends T> other,Consumer super T> action);
public CompletionStage acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage extends T> other,Consumer super T> action);
public CompletionStage acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage extends T> other,Consumer super T> action,Executor executor);
示例：
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//CompletableFutureTest3.applyToEither();
CompletableFutureTest3.acceptEither();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
}
private static void acceptEither() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f1=" + t);
return t;
});
CompletableFuture f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f2=" + t);
return t;
});
f1.acceptEither(f2, (t) -> {
System.out.println(t);
});
}
}
输出：
f1=1
1
f2=2
runAfterEither 方法
两个CompletionStage，任何一个完成了都会执行下一步的操作(Runnable),两个CompletionStage都是会执行完的.
public CompletionStage runAfterEither(CompletionStage> other,Runnable action);
public CompletionStage runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage> other,Runnable action);
public CompletionStage runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage> other,Runnable action,Executor executor);
示例代码
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//CompletableFutureTest3.applyToEither();
//CompletableFutureTest3.acceptEither();
CompletableFutureTest3.runAfterEither();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
}
private static void runAfterEither() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f1=" + t);
return t;
}
});
CompletableFuture f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f2=" + t);
return t;
}
});
f1.runAfterEither(f2, ()->{
System.out.println("上面有一个已经完成了。");
});
}
}
输出：
f1=0
上面有一个已经完成了。
f2=1
runAfterBoth
两个CompletionStage，都完成了计算才会执行下一步的操作(Runnable)，注意输出顺序，runAfterBoth方法要等两个CompletionStage都执行完了才会执行。
public CompletionStage runAfterBoth(CompletionStage> other,Runnable action);
public CompletionStage runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage> other,Runnable action);
public CompletionStage runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage> other,Runnable action,Executor executor);
示例代码
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//CompletableFutureTest3.applyToEither();
//CompletableFutureTest3.acceptEither();
//CompletableFutureTest3.runAfterEither();
CompletableFutureTest3.runAfterBoth();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
}
private static void runAfterBoth() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture f1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f1="+t);
return t;
}
});
CompletableFuture f2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(t);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("f2="+t);
return t;
}
});
f1.runAfterBoth(f2, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("上面两个任务都执行完成了。");
}
});
}
}
输出：
f1=1
f2=2
上面两个任务都执行完成了。
thenCompose 方法
thenCompose 方法允许你对两个 CompletionStage 进行流水线操作，第一个操作完成时，将其结果作为参数传递给第二个操作。
public CompletableFuture thenCompose(Function super T, ? extends CompletionStage> fn);
public CompletableFuture thenComposeAsync(Function super T, ? extends CompletionStage> fn) ;
public CompletableFuture thenComposeAsync(Function super T, ? extends CompletionStage> fn, Executor executor) ;
示例代码
public class CompletableFutureTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFutureTest3.thenCompose();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
private static void thenCompose() throws Exception {
CompletableFuture f = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
int t = new Random().nextInt(3);
System.out.println("t1=" + t);
return t;
}).thenCompose((param) -> {
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
int t = param * 2;
System.out.println("t2=" + t);
return t;
});
});
System.out.println("thenCompose result : " + f.get());
}
}
输出：
t1=1
t2=2
thenCompose result : 2
疑问：
Q:thenAcceptBoth与thenCombine 的区别是什么？
A:thenAcceptBoth无返回值消耗执行，thenCombine 会有返回值。一般accept都是没有返回值的，apply是有返回值的。
Q:thenCompose 与thenApply 方法 的区别是什么？不都是串行执行下一个任务，并把第一个任务作为参数传递给第二个任务么？
获取线程执行结果的6种方法
方式1：Thread的join()方法实现
代码中通过join方式阻塞了当前主线程，当thread线程执行完毕之后，join方法才会继续执行。
join的方式，只能阻塞一个线程，如果其他线程中也需要获取thread线程的执行结果，join方法无能为力了。
示例：
public class ThreadJoinTest {
//用于封装结果
static class Result {
T result;
public T getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(T result) {
this.result = result;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Result result = new Result<>();
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("start thread!");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
result.setResult("success");
System.out.println("end thread!");
});
t.start();
//让主线程等待thread线程执行完毕之后再继续，join方法会让当前线程阻塞
t.join();
System.out.println("main get result="+result.getResult());
}
}
输出：
start thread!
end thread!
main get result=success
方式2：CountDownLatch实现
使用CountDownLatch可以让一个或者多个线程等待一批线程完成之后，自己再继续.
示例：
public class CountDownLatchTest2 {
static class Result{
private T result;
public T getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(T result) {
this.result = result;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Result result = new Result<>();
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("start thread!");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
result.setResult("success");
System.out.println("end thread!");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
latch.countDown();
}
});
t.start();
latch.await();
System.out.println("main get result="+result.getResult());
}
}
输出：
start thread!
end thread!
main get result=success
方式3：ExecutorService.submit方法实现——ThreadPoolExecutor
使用ExecutorService.submit方法实现的，此方法返回一个Future，future.get()会让当前线程阻塞，直到Future关联的任务执行完毕。
示例：
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//自定义包含策略
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 5, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
new DemoThreadFactory("订单创建组"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
Future future = executor.submit(() -> {
System.out.println("start thread!");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("end thread!");
return "success";
});
executor.shutdown();
System.out.println("main get result="+future.get());
}
}
输出同上。
方式4：FutureTask方式1——作为Runnable传给Thread执行
线程池的submit方法传入的Callable对象本质上也是包装成一个FutureTask来执行。
代码中使用FutureTask实现的，FutureTask实现了Runnable接口，并且内部带返回值，所以可以传递给Thread直接运行，futureTask.get()会阻塞当前线程，直到FutureTask构造方法传递的任务执行完毕，get方法才会返回。
示例：
public class FutureTaskTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//创建一个FutureTask
FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask<>(() -> {
System.out.println("start thread!");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("end thread!");
return "success";
});
//将futureTask传递一个线程运行
new Thread(futureTask).start();
//futureTask.get()会阻塞当前线程，直到futureTask执行完毕
String result = futureTask.get();
System.out.println("main get result=" + result);
}
}
方式5：FutureTask方式2——构造FutureTask对象及执行内容，直接在Thread里面跑run方法
当futureTask的run()方法执行完毕之后，futureTask.get()会从阻塞中返回。
示例：
public class FutureTaskTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//创建一个FutureTask
FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask<>(() -> {
System.out.println("start thread!");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("end thread!");
return "success";
});
//将futureTask传递一个线程运行
new Thread(()->futureTask.run()).start();
//futureTask.get()会阻塞当前线程，直到futureTask执行完毕
String result = futureTask.get();
System.out.println("main get result=" + result);
}
}
方式6：CompletableFuture方式实现
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync可以用来异步执行一个带返回值的任务，调用completableFuture.get()
会阻塞当前线程，直到任务执行完毕，get方法才会返回。
public class CompletableFutureTest4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CompletableFuture future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("start thread!");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("end thread!");
return "success";
});
// future.get()会阻塞当前线程直到获得结果
System.out.println("main get result="+future.get());
}
}
高并发中计数器的四种实现方式
需求：一个jvm中实现一个计数器功能，需保证多线程情况下数据正确性。
我们来模拟50个线程，每个线程对计数器递增100万次，最终结果应该是5000万。
我们使用4种方式实现，看一下其性能，然后引出为什么需要使用LongAdder、LongAccumulator。
方式一：使用加锁的方式实现——synchronized或Lock
从示例输出结果看，ReentrantLock的效率明显比synchronized差了2-3倍。
示例：
public class SynchronizeCalculator {
private static long count = 0;
private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public synchronized static void incrment() {
count++;
}
public static void incrmentByLock() {
lock.lock();
try {
count++;
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
count = 0;
averageTest();
}
}
public static void averageTest() throws InterruptedException {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//自定义包含策略
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(50, 50, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
new DemoThreadFactory("订单创建组"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(50);
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) {
incrment();
//incrmentByLock();
}
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
});
}
latch.await();
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.format("结果：%s,耗时(ms)：%s", count, (t2 - t1)));
executor.shutdown();
}
}
输出：
//synchronized
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：490
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1574
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：399
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：395
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：396
//lock
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1289
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1239
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1224
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1219
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1246
方式2：AtomicLong实现
AtomicLong内部采用CAS的方式实现，并发量大的情况下，CAS失败率比较高，导致性能比synchronized还低一些。并发量不是太大的情况下，CAS性能还是可以的。
示例：
public class AtomicLongTest {
private static AtomicLong count = new AtomicLong(0);
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
count.set(0);
averageTest();
}
}
public static void averageTest() throws InterruptedException {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//自定义包含策略
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(50, 50, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
new DemoThreadFactory("订单创建组"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(50);
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) {
count.getAndIncrement();
}
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
});
}
latch.await();
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.format("结果：%s,耗时(ms)：%s", count.get(), (t2 - t1)));
executor.shutdown();
}
}
输出：
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1018
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1442
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1033
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：935
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：1320
方式3：LongAdder实现——相当于锁分段技术
先介绍一下LongAdder，说到LongAdder，不得不提的就是AtomicLong，AtomicLong是JDK1.5开始出现的，里面主要使用了一个long类型的value作为成员变量，然后使用循环的CAS操作去操作value的值，并发量比较大的情况下，CAS操作失败的概率较高，内部失败了会重试，导致耗时可能会增加。
LongAdder是JDK1.8开始出现的，所提供的API基本上可以替换掉原先的AtomicLong。LongAdder在并发量比较大的情况下，操作数据的时候，相当于把这个数字分成了很多份数字，然后交给多个人去管控，每个管控者负责保证部分数字在多线程情况下操作的正确性。当多线程访问的时，通过hash算法映射到具体管控者去操作数据，最后再汇总所有的管控者的数据，得到最终结果。相当于降低了并发情况下锁的粒度，所以效率比较高，看一下下面的图，方便理解：
示例：
代码中new LongAdder()创建一个LongAdder对象，内部数字初始值是0，调用increment()方法可以对LongAdder内部的值原子递增1。reset()方法可以重置LongAdder的值，使其归0。
public class LongAdderTest {
private static LongAdder count = new LongAdder();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
count.reset();
averageTest();
}
}
public static void averageTest() throws InterruptedException {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//自定义包含策略
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(50, 50, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
new DemoThreadFactory("订单创建组"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(50);
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) {
count.increment();
}
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
});
}
latch.await();
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.format("结果：%s,耗时(ms)：%s", count.sum(), (t2 - t1)));
executor.shutdown();
}
}
输出：
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：209
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：133
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：149
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：146
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：148
方式4：LongAccumulator实现
LongAccumulator介绍
LongAccumulator是LongAdder的功能增强版。LongAdder的API只有对数值的加减，而LongAccumulator提供了自定义的函数操作，其构造函数如下：
/**
* accumulatorFunction：需要执行的二元函数(接收2个long作为形参，并返回1个long)
* identity：初始值
**/
public LongAccumulator(LongBinaryOperator accumulatorFunction, long identity) {
this.function = accumulatorFunction;
base = this.identity = identity;
}
示例：
LongAccumulator的效率和LongAdder差不多，不过更灵活一些。
调用new LongAdder()等价于new LongAccumulator((x, y) -> x + y, 0L)。
从上面4个示例的结果来看，LongAdder、LongAccumulator全面超越同步锁及AtomicLong的方式，建议在使用AtomicLong的地方可以直接替换为LongAdder、LongAccumulator，吞吐量更高一些。
public class LongAccumulatorTest {
private static volatile LongAccumulator count = new LongAccumulator((x, y) -> x + y, 0);
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
count.reset();
averageTest();
}
}
public static void averageTest() throws InterruptedException {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//自定义包含策略
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(50, 50, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
new DemoThreadFactory("订单创建组"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(50);
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) {
count.accumulate(1);
}
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
});
}
latch.await();
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.format("结果：%s,耗时(ms)：%s", count.longValue(), (t2 - t1)));
executor.shutdown();
}
}
输出：
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：152
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：148
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：137
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：137
结果：50000000,耗时(ms)：144
疑问：
Q:LongAccumulator.reset方法并不能重置重置LongAccumulator的identity：初始值正确，使其恢复原来的初始值。当初始值为0是不会发生这个问题，而当我们设置初始值如1时，就会导致后续的计算操作增加了5份初始值，目前猜测原因是因为代码中LongAccumulator在并发量比较大的情况下，操作数据的时候，相当于把这个数字分成了很多份数字 ，而初始化的时候也是初始化了多份数据，导致初始值叠加了多份。不知道这是个bug么？待解惑。
在此记录下来希望有遇到这种情况的同学注意。解决方法便是要么初始值identity=0不会有这种问题；或者有需要使用reset方法重置的改为重新创建个LongAccumulator处理。
源码：
public void reset() {
Cell[] as = cells; Cell a;
base = identity;
if (as != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < as.length; ++i) {
if ((a = as[i]) != null)
//对多个cell进行初始值赋值导致后面计算叠加了多份初始值
a.value = identity;
}
}
}
示例：
public class LongAccumulatorTest {
//设置初始值为1查看输出结果
private static volatile LongAccumulator count = new LongAccumulator((x, y) -> x + y, 1);
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
count.reset();
averageTest();
}
}
public static void averageTest() throws InterruptedException {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//自定义包含策略
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(50, 50, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
new DemoThreadFactory("订单创建组"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(50);
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) {
count.accumulate(1);
}
} finally {
latch.countDown();
}
});
}
latch.await();
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(String.format("结果：%s,耗时(ms)：%s", count.longValue(), (t2 - t1)));
executor.shutdown();
}
}
输出：这时候你会发现只有第一次计算是正确的，只要使用了rest方法重置就会导致这个错误。
结果：50000001,耗时(ms)：185
结果：50000005,耗时(ms)：143
结果：50000005,耗时(ms)：139
结果：50000005,耗时(ms)：162
结果：50000005,耗时(ms)：142
演示公平锁和非公平锁
先理解一下什么是公平锁、非公平锁？
公平锁和非公平锁体现在别人释放锁的一瞬间，如果前面已经有排队的，新来的是否可以插队，如果可以插队表示是非公平的，如果不可用插队，只能排在最后面，是公平的方式。
示例：
@Slf4j
public class ReentrantLockTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ReentrantLockTest2.LockTest(false);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
log.error("-------------------------------");
ReentrantLockTest2.LockTest(true);
}
public static void LockTest(boolean fair) throws InterruptedException {
ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(fair);
new Thread(() -> {
lock.lock();
try {
log.error(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start!");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
new Thread(() -> {
//注意线程池要当前线程创建的才能使用，如果传给新开的线程会获取不到线程池
test("后到组",lock);
}).start();
//test(executorAfter,lock);
log.error(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "end!");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}, "Hold Lock 4 Test Thread").start();
test("先到组",lock);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
}
private static void test(String name,Lock lock){
//自定义包含策略
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 10, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(5),
new DemoThreadFactory(name), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
executor.execute(() -> {
lock.lock();
try {
log.error("获取到锁!");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
});
}
executor.shutdown();
}
}
输出：
14:45:23.204 [Hold Lock 4 Test Thread] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - Hold Lock 4 Test Thread start!
14:45:26.211 [Hold Lock 4 Test Thread] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - Hold Lock 4 Test Threadend!
14:45:26.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-1] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-2] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-3] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-4] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-5] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-6] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-7] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-8] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-4] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-9] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.213 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-8] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.218 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-10] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.218 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-10] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.218 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-2] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.218 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-1] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.219 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-3] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.219 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-5] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.219 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-6] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.219 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-7] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:26.219 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-9] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:30.205 [main] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - -------------------------------
14:45:30.205 [Hold Lock 4 Test Thread] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - Hold Lock 4 Test Thread start!
14:45:33.206 [Hold Lock 4 Test Thread] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - Hold Lock 4 Test Threadend!
14:45:33.206 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-1] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.206 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-2] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.209 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-3] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.209 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-4] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.209 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-5] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.209 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-6] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.210 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-7] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.210 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-8] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.210 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-9] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.210 [From DemoThreadFactory's 先到组-Worker-10] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.210 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-2] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.210 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-1] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-6] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-7] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-5] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-4] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-3] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.211 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-9] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-10] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
14:45:33.212 [From DemoThreadFactory's 后到组-Worker-8] ERROR com.self.current.ReentrantLockTest2 - 获取到锁!
google提供的一些好用的并发工具类
关于并发方面的，juc已帮我们提供了很多好用的工具，而谷歌在此基础上做了扩展，使并发编程更容易，这些工具放在guava.jar包中。
guava maven配置
com.google.guava
guava
27.0-jre
guava中常用几个类
MoreExecutors：提供了一些静态方法，是对juc中的Executors类的一个扩展。
Futures：也提供了很多静态方法，是对juc中Future的一个扩展。
案例1：异步执行任务完毕之后回调——相当于CompletableFuture的whenComplete方法
ListeningExecutorService接口继承于juc中的ExecutorService接口，对ExecutorService做了一些扩展，看其名字中带有Listening，说明这个接口自带监听的功能，可以监听异步执行任务的结果。通过MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator创建一个ListeningExecutorService对象，需传递一个ExecutorService参数，传递的ExecutorService负责异步执行任务。
ListeningExecutorService的submit方法用来异步执行一个任务，返回ListenableFuture，ListenableFuture接口继承于juc中的Future接口，对Future做了扩展，使其带有监听的功能。调用submit.addListener可以在执行的任务上添加监听器，当任务执行完毕之后会回调这个监听器中的方法。
ListenableFuture的get方法会阻塞当前线程直到任务执行完毕。
另一种回调方式是通过调用Futures的静态方法addCallback在异步执行的任务中添加回调，回调的对象是一个FutureCallback，此对象有2个方法，任务执行成功调用onSuccess，执行失败调用onFailure。
失败的情况可以将代码中int i = 10 / 0;注释去掉，执行一下可以看看效果。
示例：
@Slf4j
public class GuavaTest {
//相当于CompletableFuture的whenComplete方法
public static void main1(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//创建一个线程池
ExecutorService delegate = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
try {
ListeningExecutorService executorService = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(delegate);
//异步执行一个任务
ListenableFuture submit = executorService.submit(() -> {
log.error("{}", System.currentTimeMillis());
//休眠2秒，默认耗时
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
log.error("{}", System.currentTimeMillis());
return 10;
});
//当任务执行完毕之后回调对应的方法
submit.addListener(() -> {
log.error("任务执行完毕了，我被回调了");
}, MoreExecutors.directExecutor());
log.error("{}", submit.get());
} finally {
delegate.shutdown();
}
}
//相当于CompletableFuture的whenComplete方法
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 10, 60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(10),
new DemoThreadFactory("订单创建组"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
ListeningExecutorService service = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(executor);
try {
ListenableFuture future = service.submit(() -> {
log.error("{}", System.currentTimeMillis());
//休眠2秒，默认耗时
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
//int i = 10 / 0;
log.error("{}", System.currentTimeMillis());
return 10;
});
Futures.addCallback(future, new FutureCallback() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Integer integer) {
log.error("执行成功:{}", integer);
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable throwable) {
log.error("执行失败:{}", throwable.getMessage());
}
});
log.error("{}", future.get());
} finally {
service.shutdown();
}
}
}
输出：
15:32:54.480 [From DemoThreadFactory's 订单创建组-Worker-1] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 1599809574477
15:32:56.487 [From DemoThreadFactory's 订单创建组-Worker-1] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 1599809576487
15:32:56.488 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 10
15:32:56.488 [From DemoThreadFactory's 订单创建组-Worker-1] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 执行成功:10
示例2：获取一批异步任务的执行结果——Futures.allAsList(futureList).get()
结果中按顺序输出了6个异步任务的结果，此处用到了Futures.allAsList方法，看一下此方法的声明：
public static ListenableFuture> allAsList(
Iterable extends ListenableFuture extends V>> futures)
传递一批ListenableFuture，返回一个ListenableFuture>，内部将一批结果转换为了一个ListenableFuture对象。
示例：
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
log.error("star");
ExecutorService delegate = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
try {
ListeningExecutorService executorService = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(delegate);
List> futureList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 5; i >= 0; i--) {
int j = i;
futureList.add(executorService.submit(() -> {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(j);
return j;
}));
}
//把多个ListenableFuture转换为一个ListenableFuture
//ListenableFuture> listListenableFuture = Futures.allAsList(futureList);
//获取一批任务的执行结果
List resultList = Futures.allAsList(futureList).get();
//输出
resultList.forEach(item -> {
log.error("{}", item);
});
} finally {
delegate.shutdown();
}
}
输出：
15:45:51.160 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - star
15:45:56.185 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 5
15:45:56.185 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 4
15:45:56.185 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 3
15:45:56.185 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 2
15:45:56.185 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 1
15:45:56.185 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - 0
示例3：一批任务异步执行完毕之后回调——包装futureList传递给Futures.addCallback 方法
异步执行一批任务，最后计算其和,代码中异步执行了一批任务，所有任务完成之后，回调了上面的onSuccess方法，内部对所有的结果进行sum操作。
示例：
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
log.error("start");
ExecutorService delegate = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
try {
ListeningExecutorService executorService = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(delegate);
List> futureList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 5; i >= 0; i--) {
int j = i;
futureList.add(executorService.submit(() -> {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(j);
return j;
}));
}
//把多个ListenableFuture转换为一个ListenableFuture
ListenableFuture> listListenableFuture = Futures.allAsList(futureList);
Futures.addCallback(listListenableFuture, new FutureCallback>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(List result) {
log.error("result中所有结果之和："+result.stream().reduce(Integer::sum).get());
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable throwable) {
log.error("执行任务发生异常:" + throwable.getMessage(), throwable);
}
});
} finally {
delegate.shutdown();
}
}
输出：
15:57:00.539 [main] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - start
15:57:05.560 [pool-2-thread-1] ERROR com.self.current.GuavaTest - result中所有结果之和：15
其他疑问：
Q:运行下面这个例子结束不了，debug倒是可以，这是为什么呢？Thread[Monitor Ctrl-Break,5,main]是哪来的？
public class VolatileTest1 {
public static volatile int num = 0;
public static void add(){
num++;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
for (Thread thread : threads) {
thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
VolatileTest1.add();
}
});
thread.start();
thread.join();
}
//2
//java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=main,maxpri=10]
// Thread[main,5,main]
// Thread[Monitor Ctrl-Break,5,main]
//结束不了，debug倒是可以，这是为什么呢？Thread[Monitor Ctrl-Break,5,main]是哪来的？
while (Thread.activeCount() >1){
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(Thread.activeCount());
ThreadGroup parent = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
parent.list();
}
System.out.println("num="+num);
}
}
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