分区表需要数据备份吗oracle,Oracle 分区表数据的导入与导出(1)

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-- 导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据

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导入导入Oracle 分区表数据是Oracle DBA 经常完成的任务之一。分区表的导入导出同样普通表的导入导出方式，只不过导入导出需要考

虑到分区的特殊性，如分区索引，将分区迁移到普通表，或使用原始分区表导入到新的分区表。下面将描述使用imp/exp，impdp/expdp导入导出

分区表数据。

有关分区表的特性请参考：

有关导入导出工具请参考：

有关导入导出的官方文档请参考：

一、分区级别的导入导出

可以导出一个或多个分区，也可以导出所有分区(即整个表)。

可以导入所有分区(即整个表)，一个或多个分区以及子分区。

对于已经存在数据的表，使用imp导入时需要使用参数IGNORE=y，而使用impdp，加table_exists_action=append | replace 参数。

二、创建演示环境

1.查看当前数据库的版本

SQL> select * from v$version where rownum < 2;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

2.创建一个分区表

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd';

SQL> CREATE TABLE tb_pt (

sal_date DATE NOT NULL,

sal_id NUMBER NOT NULL,

sal_row NUMBER(12) NOT NULL)

partition by range(sal_date)

(

partition sal_11 values less than(to_date('2012-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_12 values less than(to_date('2013-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_13 values less than(to_date('2014-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_14 values less than(to_date('2015-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_15 values less than(to_date('2016-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_16 values less than(to_date('2017-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_other values less than (maxvalue)

) nologging;

3.创建一个唯一索引

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tb_pt_ind1

ON tb_pt(sal_date) nologging;

4.为分区表生成数据

SQL> INSERT INTO tb_pt

SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ROWNUM, dbms_random.random, ROWNUM

FROM dual

CONNECT BY LEVEL<=5000;

SQL> commit;

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_11);

COUNT(1)

----------

300

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);

COUNT(1)

----------

2873

SQL> select * from tb_pt partition(sal_12) where rownum < 3;

SAL_DATE SAL_ID SAL_ROW

--------- ---------- ----------

01-JAN-12 -1.356E+09 301

02-JAN-12 -761530183 302

三、使用exp/imp导出导入分区表数据

1.导出整个分区表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.log' tables=tb_pt

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:18 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table TB_PT

. . exporting partition SAL_11 300 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_12 366 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_13 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_14 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_15 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_OTHER 2873 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@node1 ~]$ oerr exp 00091

00091, 00000, "Exporting questionable statistics."

// *Cause: Export was able export statistics, but the statistics may not be

// usuable. The statistics are questionable because one or more of

// the following happened during export: a row error occurred, client

// character set or NCHARSET does not match with the server, a query

// clause was specified on export, only certain partitions or

// subpartitions were exported, or a fatal error occurred while

// processing a table.

// *Action: To export non-questionable statistics, change the client character

// set or NCHARSET to match the server, export with no query clause,

// export complete tables. If desired, import parameters can be

// supplied so that only non-questionable statistics will be imported,

// and all questionable statistics will be recalculated.

在上面的导出中出现了错误提示，即EXP-00091，该错误表明exp工具所在的环境变量中的NLS_LANG与DB中的NLS_CHARACTERSET不一致

尽管该错误对最终的数据并无影响，但调整该参数来避免异常还是有必要的。因此需要将其设置为一致即可解决上述的错误提示。

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

----------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG='AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK'

经过上述设置之后再次导出正常，过程略。

2.导出单个分区

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' tables=tb_pt:sal_16

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:38 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table TB_PT

. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings

在上面的导出过程中再次出现了统计信息错误的情况，因此采取了对该对象收集统计信息，但并不能解决该错误，但在exp命令行中增

加statistics=none即可，如下：

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' /

> tables=tb_pt:sal_16 statistics=none

如果要导出多个分区，则在tables参数中增加分区数。如：tables=(tb_pt:sal_15,tb_pt:sal_16)

3.使用imp工具生成创建分区表的DDL语句

[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt indexfile='/u02/dmp/cr_tb_pt.sql' /

> file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:54:38 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_11"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_12"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_13"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_14"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_15"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

4.导入单个分区(使用先前备份的单个分区导入文件)

SQL> alter table tb_pt truncate partition sal_16; --导入前先将分区实现truncate

Table truncated.

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);

COUNT(1)

----------

0

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:55:39 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"

IMP-00058: ORACLE error 1502 encountered

ORA-01502: index 'SCOTT.TB_PT_IND1' or partition of such index is in unusable state

Import terminated successfully with warnings.

收到了ORA-01502错误，下面查看索引的状态，并对其重建索引后再执行导入

SQL> select index_name ,status from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT'; --查看索引的状态

INDEX_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ --------

TB_PT_IND1 UNUSABLE

SQL> alter index TB_PT_IND1 rebuild online; --重建索引

Index altered.

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y --再次导入成功

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:56:15 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16" 366 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

SQL> select count(*) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);

COUNT(*)

----------

366