主要介绍ArrayList和LinkedList这两种list的五种循环遍历方式,各种方式的性能测试对比,根据ArrayList和LinkedList的源码实现分析性能结果,总结结论。
通过本文你可以了解(1)List的五种遍历方式及各自性能 (2)foreach及Iterator的实现 (3)加深对ArrayList和LinkedList实现的了解。
阅读本文前希望你已经了解ArrayList顺序存储和LinkedList链式的结构,本文不对此进行介绍。
1. List的五种遍历方式
下面只是简单介绍各种遍历示例(以ArrayList为例),各自优劣会在本文后面进行分析给出结论。
(1) for each循环
Java
List list = new ArrayList();
for (Integer j : list) {
// use j
}
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Listlist=newArrayList();
for(Integerj:list){
// use j
}
(2) 显示调用集合迭代器
Java
List list = new ArrayList();
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
iterator.next();
}
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Listlist=newArrayList();
for(Iteratoriterator=list.iterator();iterator.hasNext();){
iterator.next();
}
或
Java
List list = new ArrayList();
Iterator iterator = list.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
iterator.next();
}
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Listlist=newArrayList();
Iteratoriterator=list.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
iterator.next();
}
(3) 下标递增循环,终止条件为每次调用size()函数比较判断
Java
List list = new ArrayList();
for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) {
list.get(j);
}
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Listlist=newArrayList();
for(intj=0;j
list.get(j);
}
(4) 下标递增循环,终止条件为和等于size()的临时变量比较判断
Java
List list = new ArrayList();
int size = list.size();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
list.get(j);
}
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Listlist=newArrayList();
intsize=list.size();
for(intj=0;j
list.get(j);
}
(5) 下标递减循环
Java
List list = new ArrayList();
for (int j = list.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
list.get(j);
}
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Listlist=newArrayList();
for(intj=list.size()-1;j>=0;j--){
list.get(j);
}
在测试前大家可以根据对ArrayList和LinkedList数据结构及Iterator的了解,想想上面五种遍历方式哪个性能更优。
2、List五种遍历方式的性能测试及对比
以下是性能测试代码,会输出不同数量级大小的ArrayList和LinkedList各种遍历方式所花费的时间。
ArrayList和LinkedList循环性能对比测试代码
Java
package cn.trinea.java.test;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* JavaLoopTest
*
* @author www.trinea.cn 2013-10-28
*/
public class JavaLoopTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.print("compare loop performance of ArrayList");
loopListCompare(getArrayLists(10000, 100000, 1000000, 9000000));
System.out.print("\r\n\r\ncompare loop performance of LinkedList");
loopListCompare(getLinkedLists(100, 1000, 10000, 100000));
}
public static List[] getArrayLists(int... sizeArray) {
List[] listArray = new ArrayList[sizeArray.length];
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
int size = sizeArray[i];
List list = new ArrayList();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
list.add(j);
}
listArray[i] = list;
}
return listArray;
}
public static List[] getLinkedLists(int... sizeArray) {
List[] listArray = new LinkedList[sizeArray.length];
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
int size = sizeArray[i];
List list = new LinkedList();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
list.add(j);
}
listArray[i] = list;
}
return listArray;
}
public static void loopListCompare(List... listArray) {
printHeader(listArray);
long startTime, endTime;
// Type 1
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
List list = listArray[i];
startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
for (Integer j : list) {
// use j
}
endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i, listArray.length, "for each", endTime - startTime);
}
// Type 2
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
List list = listArray[i];
startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
// Iterator iterator = list.iterator();
// while(iterator.hasNext()) {
// iterator.next();
// }
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
iterator.next();
}
endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i, listArray.length, "for iterator", endTime - startTime);
}
// Type 3
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
List list = listArray[i];
startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) {
list.get(j);
}
endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i, listArray.length, "for list.size()", endTime - startTime);
}
// Type 4
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
List list = listArray[i];
startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
int size = list.size();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
list.get(j);
}
endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i, listArray.length, "for size = list.size()", endTime - startTime);
}
// Type 5
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
List list = listArray[i];
startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
for (int j = list.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
list.get(j);
}
endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i, listArray.length, "for j--", endTime - startTime);
}
}
static int FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH = 23, OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH = 12, TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH = 71;
static final DecimalFormat COMMA_FORMAT = new DecimalFormat("#,###");
public static void printHeader(List... listArray) {
printRowDivider();
for (int i = 0; i < listArray.length; i++) {
if (i == 0) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append("list size");
while (sb.length() < FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append("| ").append(COMMA_FORMAT.format(listArray[i].size()));
while (sb.length() < OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
}
TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH = FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH + OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH * listArray.length;
printRowDivider();
}
public static void printRowDivider() {
System.out.println();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (sb.length() < TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
sb.append("-");
}
System.out.println(sb);
}
public static void printCostTime(int i, int size, String caseName, long costTime) {
if (i == 0) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append(caseName);
while (sb.length() < FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder().append("| ").append(costTime).append(" ms");
while (sb.length() < OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH) {
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
if (i == size - 1) {
printRowDivider();
}
}
}
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packagecn.trinea.java.test;
importjava.text.DecimalFormat;
importjava.util.ArrayList;
importjava.util.Calendar;
importjava.util.Iterator;
importjava.util.LinkedList;
importjava.util.List;
/**
* JavaLoopTest
*
* @author www.trinea.cn 2013-10-28
*/
publicclassJavaLoopTest{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
System.out.print("compare loop performance of ArrayList");
loopListCompare(getArrayLists(10000,100000,1000000,9000000));
System.out.print("\r\n\r\ncompare loop performance of LinkedList");
loopListCompare(getLinkedLists(100,1000,10000,100000));
}
publicstaticList[]getArrayLists(int...sizeArray){
List[]listArray=newArrayList[sizeArray.length];
for(inti=0;i
intsize=sizeArray[i];
Listlist=newArrayList();
for(intj=0;j
list.add(j);
}
listArray[i]=list;
}
returnlistArray;
}
publicstaticList[]getLinkedLists(int...sizeArray){
List[]listArray=newLinkedList[sizeArray.length];
for(inti=0;i
intsize=sizeArray[i];
Listlist=newLinkedList();
for(intj=0;j
list.add(j);
}
listArray[i]=list;
}
returnlistArray;
}
publicstaticvoidloopListCompare(List...listArray){
printHeader(listArray);
longstartTime,endTime;
// Type 1
for(inti=0;i
Listlist=listArray[i];
startTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
for(Integerj:list){
// use j
}
endTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i,listArray.length,"for each",endTime-startTime);
}
// Type 2
for(inti=0;i
Listlist=listArray[i];
startTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
// Iterator iterator = list.iterator();
// while(iterator.hasNext()) {
// iterator.next();
// }
for(Iteratoriterator=list.iterator();iterator.hasNext();){
iterator.next();
}
endTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i,listArray.length,"for iterator",endTime-startTime);
}
// Type 3
for(inti=0;i
Listlist=listArray[i];
startTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
for(intj=0;j
list.get(j);
}
endTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i,listArray.length,"for list.size()",endTime-startTime);
}
// Type 4
for(inti=0;i
Listlist=listArray[i];
startTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
intsize=list.size();
for(intj=0;j
list.get(j);
}
endTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i,listArray.length,"for size = list.size()",endTime-startTime);
}
// Type 5
for(inti=0;i
Listlist=listArray[i];
startTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
for(intj=list.size()-1;j>=0;j--){
list.get(j);
}
endTime=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
printCostTime(i,listArray.length,"for j--",endTime-startTime);
}
}
staticintFIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH=23,OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH=12,TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH=71;
staticfinalDecimalFormatCOMMA_FORMAT=newDecimalFormat("#,###");
publicstaticvoidprintHeader(List...listArray){
printRowDivider();
for(inti=0;i
if(i==0){
StringBuildersb=newStringBuilder().append("list size");
while(sb.length()
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
}
StringBuildersb=newStringBuilder().append("| ").append(COMMA_FORMAT.format(listArray[i].size()));
while(sb.length()
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
}
TOTAL_COLUMN_LENGTH=FIRST_COLUMN_LENGTH+OTHER_COLUMN_LENGTH*listArray.length;
printRowDivider();
}
publicstaticvoidprintRowDivider(){
System.out.println();
StringBuildersb=newStringBuilder();
while(sb.length()
sb.append("-");
}
System.out.println(sb);
}
publicstaticvoidprintCostTime(inti,intsize,StringcaseName,longcostTime){
if(i==0){
StringBuildersb=newStringBuilder().append(caseName);
while(sb.length()
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
}
StringBuildersb=newStringBuilder().append("| ").append(costTime).append(" ms");
while(sb.length()
sb.append(" ");
}
System.out.print(sb);
if(i==size-1){
printRowDivider();
}
}
}
PS:如果运行报异常in thread “main” java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space,请将main函数里面list size的大小减小。
其中getArrayLists函数会返回不同size的ArrayList,getLinkedLists函数会返回不同size的LinkedList。
loopListCompare函数会分别用上面的遍历方式1-5去遍历每一个list数组(包含不同大小list)中的list。
print开头函数为输出辅助函数。
测试环境为Windows7 32位系统 3.2G双核CPU 4G内存,Java 7,Eclipse -Xms512m -Xmx512m
最终测试结果如下:
compare loop performance of ArrayList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
list size | 10,000 | 100,000 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for each | 1 ms | 3 ms | 14 ms | 152 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for iterator | 0 ms | 1 ms | 12 ms | 114 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for list.size() | 1 ms | 1 ms | 13 ms | 128 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for size = list.size() | 0 ms | 0 ms | 6 ms | 62 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for j-- | 0 ms | 1 ms | 6 ms | 63 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
compare loop performance of LinkedList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
list size | 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | 100,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for each | 0 ms | 1 ms | 1 ms | 2 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for iterator | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 2 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for list.size() | 0 ms | 1 ms | 73 ms | 7972 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for size = list.size() | 0 ms | 0 ms | 67 ms | 8216 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for j-- | 0 ms | 1 ms | 67 ms | 8277 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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compareloopperformanceofArrayList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
listsize|10,000|100,000|1,000,000|10,000,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foreach|1ms|3ms|14ms|152ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foriterator|0ms|1ms|12ms|114ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forlist.size()|1ms|1ms|13ms|128ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forsize=list.size()|0ms|0ms|6ms|62ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forj--|0ms|1ms|6ms|63ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
compareloopperformanceofLinkedList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
listsize|100|1,000|10,000|100,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foreach|0ms|1ms|1ms|2ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foriterator|0ms|0ms|0ms|2ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forlist.size()|0ms|1ms|73ms|7972ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forsize=list.size()|0ms|0ms|67ms|8216ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forj--|0ms|1ms|67ms|8277ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
第一张表为ArrayList对比结果,第二张表为LinkedList对比结果。
表横向为同一遍历方式不同大小list遍历的时间消耗,纵向为同一list不同遍历方式遍历的时间消耗。
PS:由于首次遍历List会稍微多耗时一点,for each的结果稍微有点偏差,将测试代码中的几个Type顺序调换会发现,for each耗时和for iterator接近。
3、遍历方式性能测试结果分析
(1) foreach介绍
foreach是Java SE5.0引入的功能很强的循环结构,for (Integer j : list)应读作for each int in list。
for (Integer j : list)实现几乎等价于
Java
Iterator iterator = list.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
Integer j = iterator.next();
}
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Iteratoriterator=list.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
Integerj=iterator.next();
}
下面的分析会将foreach和显示调用集合迭代器两种遍历方式归类为Iterator方式,其他三种称为get方式遍历。
这时我们已经发现foreach的一大好处,简单一行实现了四行的功能,使得代码简洁美观,另一大好处是相对于下标循环而言的,foreach不必关心下标初始值和终止值及越界等,所以不易出错。Effective-Java中推荐使用此种写法遍历,本文会验证这个说法。
使用foreach结构的类对象必须实现了Iterable接口,Java的Collection继承自此接口,List实现了Collection,这个接口仅包含一个函数,源码如下:
Java
package java.lang;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of
* the "foreach" statement.
*
* @param the type of elements returned by the iterator
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public interface Iterable {
/**
* Returns an iterator over a set of elements of type T.
*
* @return an Iterator.
*/
Iterator iterator();
}
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packagejava.lang;
importjava.util.Iterator;
/**
* Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of
* the "foreach" statement.
*
* @param the type of elements returned by the iterator
*
* @since 1.5
*/
publicinterfaceIterable{
/**
* Returns an iterator over a set of elements of type T.
*
* @return an Iterator.
*/
Iteratoriterator();
}
iterator()用于返回一个Iterator,从foreach的等价实现中我们可以看到,会调用这个函数得到Iterator,再通过Iterator的next()得到下一个元素,hasNext()判断是否还有更多元素。Iterator源码如下:
Java
public interface Iterator {
boolean hasNext();
E next();
void remove();
}
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publicinterfaceIterator{
booleanhasNext();
Enext();
voidremove();
}
(2) ArrayList遍历方式结果分析
compare loop performance of ArrayList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
list size | 10,000 | 100,000 | 1,000,000 | 10,000,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for each | 1 ms | 3 ms | 14 ms | 152 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for iterator | 0 ms | 1 ms | 12 ms | 114 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for list.size() | 1 ms | 1 ms | 13 ms | 128 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for size = list.size() | 0 ms | 0 ms | 6 ms | 62 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for j-- | 0 ms | 1 ms | 6 ms | 63 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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compareloopperformanceofArrayList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
listsize|10,000|100,000|1,000,000|10,000,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foreach|1ms|3ms|14ms|152ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foriterator|0ms|1ms|12ms|114ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forlist.size()|1ms|1ms|13ms|128ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forsize=list.size()|0ms|0ms|6ms|62ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forj--|0ms|1ms|6ms|63ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PS:由于首次遍历List会稍微多耗时一点,for each的结果稍微有点偏差,将测试代码中的几个Type顺序调换会发现,for each耗时和for iterator接近。
从上面我们可以看出:
a. 在ArrayList大小为十万之前,五种遍历方式时间消耗几乎一样
b. 在十万以后,第四、五种遍历方式快于前三种,get方式优于Iterator方式,并且
Java
int size = list.size();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
list.get(j);
}
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intsize=list.size();
for(intj=0;j
list.get(j);
}
用临时变量size取代list.size()性能更优。我们看看ArrayList中迭代器Iterator和get方法的实现
Java
private class Itr implements Iterator {
int cursor; // index of next element to return
int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
int expectedModCount = modCount;
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}
……
}
public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
return elementData(index);
}
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privateclassItrimplementsIterator{
intcursor;// index of next element to return
intlastRet=-1;// index of last element returned; -1 if no such
intexpectedModCount=modCount;
publicbooleanhasNext(){
returncursor!=size;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
publicEnext(){
checkForComodification();
inti=cursor;
if(i>=size)
thrownewNoSuchElementException();
Object[]elementData=ArrayList.this.elementData;
if(i>=elementData.length)
thrownewConcurrentModificationException();
cursor=i+1;
return(E)elementData[lastRet=i];
}
……
}
publicEget(intindex){
rangeCheck(index);
returnelementData(index);
}
从中可以看出get和Iterator的next函数同样通过直接定位数据获取元素,只是多了几个判断而已。
c . 从上可以看出即便在千万大小的ArrayList中,几种遍历方式相差也不过50ms左右,且在常用的十万左右时间几乎相等,考虑foreach的优点,我们大可选用foreach这种简便方式进行遍历。
(3) LinkedList遍历方式结果分析
compare loop performance of LinkedList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
list size | 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | 100,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for each | 0 ms | 1 ms | 1 ms | 2 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for iterator | 0 ms | 0 ms | 0 ms | 2 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for list.size() | 0 ms | 1 ms | 73 ms | 7972 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for size = list.size() | 0 ms | 0 ms | 67 ms | 8216 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
for j-- | 0 ms | 1 ms | 67 ms | 8277 ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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compareloopperformanceofLinkedList
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
listsize|100|1,000|10,000|100,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foreach|0ms|1ms|1ms|2ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
foriterator|0ms|0ms|0ms|2ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forlist.size()|0ms|1ms|73ms|7972ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forsize=list.size()|0ms|0ms|67ms|8216ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
forj--|0ms|1ms|67ms|8277ms
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PS:由于首次遍历List会稍微多耗时一点,for each的结果稍微有点偏差,将测试代码中的几个Type顺序调换会发现,for each耗时和for iterator接近。
从上面我们可以看出:
a 在LinkedList大小接近一万时,get方式和Iterator方式就已经差了差不多两个数量级,十万时Iterator方式性能已经远胜于get方式。
我们看看LinkedList中迭代器和get方法的实现
Java
private class ListItr implements ListIterator {
private Node lastReturned = null;
private Node next;
private int nextIndex;
private int expectedModCount = modCount;
ListItr(int index) {
// assert isPositionIndex(index);
next = (index == size) ? null : node(index);
nextIndex = index;
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return nextIndex < size;
}
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
if (!hasNext())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
lastReturned = next;
next = next.next;
nextIndex++;
return lastReturned.item;
}
……
}
public E get(int index) {
checkElementIndex(index);
return node(index).item;
}
/**
* Returns the (non-null) Node at the specified element index.
*/
Node node(int index) {
// assert isElementIndex(index);
if (index < (size >> 1)) {
Node x = first;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
x = x.next;
return x;
} else {
Node x = last;
for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
x = x.prev;
return x;
}
}
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privateclassListItrimplementsListIterator{
privateNodelastReturned=null;
privateNodenext;
privateintnextIndex;
privateintexpectedModCount=modCount;
ListItr(intindex){
// assert isPositionIndex(index);
next=(index==size)?null:node(index);
nextIndex=index;
}
publicbooleanhasNext(){
returnnextIndex
}
publicEnext(){
checkForComodification();
if(!hasNext())
thrownewNoSuchElementException();
lastReturned=next;
next=next.next;
nextIndex++;
returnlastReturned.item;
}
……
}
publicEget(intindex){
checkElementIndex(index);
returnnode(index).item;
}
/**
* Returns the (non-null) Node at the specified element index.
*/
Nodenode(intindex){
// assert isElementIndex(index);
if(index>1)){
Nodex=first;
for(inti=0;i
x=x.next;
returnx;
}else{
Nodex=last;
for(inti=size-1;i>index;i--)
x=x.prev;
returnx;
}
}
从上面代码中可以看出LinkedList迭代器的next函数只是通过next指针快速得到下一个元素并返回。而get方法会从头遍历直到index下标,查找一个元素时间复杂度为哦O(n),遍历的时间复杂度就达到了O(n2)。
所以对于LinkedList的遍历推荐使用foreach,避免使用get方式遍历。
(4) ArrayList和LinkedList遍历方式结果对比分析
从上面的数量级来看,同样是foreach循环遍历,ArrayList和LinkedList时间差不多,可将本例稍作修改加大list size会发现两者基本在一个数量级上。
但ArrayList get函数直接定位获取的方式时间复杂度为O(1),而LinkedList的get函数时间复杂度为O(n)。
再结合考虑空间消耗的话,建议首选ArrayList。对于个别插入删除非常多的可以使用LinkedList。
4、结论总结
通过上面的分析我们基本可以总结下:
(1) 无论ArrayList还是LinkedList,遍历建议使用foreach,尤其是数据量较大时LinkedList避免使用get遍历。
(2) List使用首选ArrayList。对于个别插入删除非常多的可以使用LinkedList。
(3) 可能在遍历List循环内部需要使用到下标,这时综合考虑下是使用foreach和自增count还是get方式。