mysql 5.0 utf8mb4_MySQL 5.5将字符集从utf8升级为utf8mb4

升级原因

MySQL默认的utf8只支持三字节字符，不支持Emoji表情符(四字节)，如果有四字节的字符写入会报错。从MySQL 5.5开始，提供了utf8mb4，支持四字节的字符。许多使用iphone的用户来在填写昵称的时候会加入Emoji表情符，如果MySQL没有使用utf8mb4字符集，这样的昵称信息就无法写入。

一、升级前。

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%';

+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /home/sdkserver/local/mysql-5.5.43-linux2.6-x86_64/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |

| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二、修改配置文件。

打开MySQL的配置文件，将字符集的配置修改成如下：

[client]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

character-set-client-handshake = FALSE

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

三、升级后。

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%';

+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |

| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |

| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |

| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5.5.43/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

+----------------------+--------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+--------------------+

| collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci |

| collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci |

+----------------------+--------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)