java rsa非对称加密算法_Java非对称加密算法--RSA

非对称加密的特点是有两把钥匙，公钥和私钥。公钥加密只能私钥解密；私钥加密只能公钥解密。

在公开密钥密码体制中，加密密钥(即公开密钥)PK是公开信息，而解密密钥(即秘密密钥)SK是需要保密的。加密算法E和解密算法D也都是公开的。虽然解密密钥SK是由公开密钥PK决定的，但却不能根据PK计算出SK。

RSA公钥加密算法是1977年由罗纳德·李维斯特(Ron Rivest)、阿迪·萨莫尔(Adi Shamir)和伦纳德·阿德曼(Leonard Adleman)一起提出的。1987年首次公布，当时他们三人都在麻省理工学院工作。RSA就是他们三人姓氏开头字母拼在一起组成的。

这种加密算法的特点主要是密钥的变化。DES只有一个密钥，相当于只有一把钥匙，如果这把钥匙丢了，数据也就不安全了。RSA同时有两把钥匙，公钥与私钥。同时支持数字签名。数字签名的意义在于，对传输过来的数据进行校验，确保数据在传输过程中不被修改。

Java示例

package com.zzj.encryption;

import java.security.KeyFactory;

import java.security.KeyPair;

import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;

import java.security.PrivateKey;

import java.security.PublicKey;

import java.security.Signature;

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;

import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;

import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

public class RSATest {

static final String ALGORITHM_RSA = "RSA";

static final String ALGORITHM_SIGN = "MD5withRSA";

static String publicKey = null;

static String privateKey = null;

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

// 生成公钥和私钥

generatorKeyPair();

String source = "我是程序猿！";

System.out.println("加密前的数据：\r\n" + source);

System.out.println("--------------------------公钥加密，私钥解密------------------------------");

// 公钥加密

String target = encryptionByPublicKey(source);

// 私钥解密

decryptionByPrivateKey(target);

System.out.println("--------------------------私钥加密并且签名，公钥验证签名并且解密------------------------------");

// 私钥加密

target = encryptionByPrivateKey(source);

// 签名

String sign = signByPrivateKey(target);

// 验证签名

verifyByPublicKey(target, sign);

// 公钥解密

decryptionByPublicKey(target);

}

/**

* 生成密钥对

* @throws Exception

*/

static void generatorKeyPair() throws Exception {

KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM_RSA);

keyPairGen.initialize(1024);

KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();

RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

byte[] keyBs = rsaPublicKey.getEncoded();

publicKey = encodeBase64(keyBs);

System.out.println("生成的公钥：\r\n" + publicKey);

RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

keyBs = rsaPrivateKey.getEncoded();

privateKey = encodeBase64(keyBs);

System.out.println("生成的私钥：\r\n" + privateKey);

}

/**

* 获取公钥

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static PublicKey getPublicKey() throws Exception {

X509EncodedKeySpec publicKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(decodeBase64(publicKey));

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM_RSA);

return keyFactory.generatePublic(publicKeySpec);

}

/**

* 获取私钥

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static PrivateKey getPrivateKey() throws Exception {

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privateKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decodeBase64(privateKey));

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM_RSA);

return keyFactory.generatePrivate(privateKeySpec);

}

/**

* 公钥加密

* @param data

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static String encryptionByPublicKey(String source) throws Exception{

PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey();

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

cipher.update(source.getBytes("UTF-8"));

String target = encodeBase64(cipher.doFinal());

System.out.println("公钥加密后的数据：\r\n" + target);

return target;

}

/**

* 公钥解密

* @param target

* @throws Exception

*/

static void decryptionByPublicKey(String target) throws Exception{

PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey();

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

cipher.update(decodeBase64(target));

String source = new String(cipher.doFinal(), "UTF-8");

System.out.println("公钥解密后的数据：\r\n" + source);

}

/**

* 公钥验证签名

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static void verifyByPublicKey(String target, String sign) throws Exception{

PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey();

Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(ALGORITHM_SIGN);

signature.initVerify(publicKey);

signature.update(target.getBytes("UTF-8"));

if (signature.verify(decodeBase64(sign))) {

System.out.println("签名正确！");

} else {

System.out.println("签名错误！");

}

}

/**

* 私钥加密

* @param data

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static String encryptionByPrivateKey(String source) throws Exception {

PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey();

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

cipher.update(source.getBytes("UTF-8"));

String target = encodeBase64(cipher.doFinal());

System.out.println("私钥加密后的数据：\r\n" + target);

return target;

}

/**

* 私钥解密

* @param target

* @throws Exception

*/

static void decryptionByPrivateKey(String target) throws Exception {

PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey();

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

cipher.update(decodeBase64(target));

String source = new String(cipher.doFinal(), "UTF-8");

System.out.println("私钥解密后的数据：\r\n" + source);

}

/**

* 私钥签名

* @param target

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static String signByPrivateKey(String target) throws Exception{

PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey();

Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(ALGORITHM_SIGN);

signature.initSign(privateKey);

signature.update(target.getBytes("UTF-8"));

String sign = encodeBase64(signature.sign());

System.out.println("生成的签名：\r\n" + sign);

return sign;

}

/**

* base64编码

* @param source

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static String encodeBase64(byte[] source) throws Exception{

return new String(Base64.encodeBase64(source), "UTF-8");

}

/**

* Base64解码

* @param target

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

static byte[] decodeBase64(String target) throws Exception{

return Base64.decodeBase64(target.getBytes("UTF-8"));

}

}结果：

生成的公钥：

MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCcQiaArjqiJeDPT8RCmkwrKi1Bh4Y16wH49u1jmX3RQdf0B2tRD42bItY1oqZtqj/2xqDdXLSOWOr3aldwr6ucofMPEUm2l4sJnTrM96IVNOl8jIqw2d8m7P/PhyOfTgvtOemm725y4TJm3F0q0c1WfjO55orNUTolAmoOW57SQQIDAQAB

生成的私钥：

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

加密前的数据：

我是程序猿！

--------------------------公钥加密，私钥解密------------------------------

公钥加密后的数据：

TJZlueYjat5gFTWtGXzafN2TNAsG4D6HiSOjX9h/mm/WMtaUWOXVvySD5iHBhQmEL+Hqa6TG8sSm6aVESQFqhKgHuni4GhD/ctC5vCD6aL0K9oLlpo4oV5RZJIQfIfYB28ZJW59fE6E4GYMxyQca/hulK/jaZJFmU5esxvkZaSg=

私钥解密后的数据：

我是程序猿！

--------------------------私钥加密并且签名，公钥验证签名并且解密------------------------------

私钥加密后的数据：

iAu34RZPt0LH4+5EyATXYDIJ5dCcTHpapXjsO2riRiEBdh1lhMNmOmTbAGhBUC7FyneHhQY3nwOWwS99w7e06y95YegRrotvoN3ss6xo8G3/cX1eTdzaXTadOkJR++Npj8SsodAZ675gHcUkTENkRmcBA4wuozUCzCJc7Pg3AMk=

生成的签名：

SzUGGICDv1JOen09qeYSH+UHB2B2XBCI4zPkDo8JVkRr3YVKSj465nmQWNxoXqAZFcUyxjlWVAbEfE+KnrGP56lv01vwL84J2j5v5hhmwShclgbMDUi6OQt+4ACXBn1Er8zF/DJfK6USP2jJPaUL4U1vZUzEOE2AXOChcpYMHDw=

签名正确！

公钥解密后的数据：

我是程序猿！