JAVA 对象拷贝
为什么需要有对象拷贝?
对象拷贝相对的自然是引用拷贝。java初学者经常会问,我这个方法要改变一个对象的属性,可以把参数传进去了,为什么没有改变了?
——基本数据类型传值,而对象传引用或引用的拷贝。
而有时候我们要获取到一个当前状态的对象复制品,他们是两个独立对象。不再是引用或者引用拷贝(实质都是指向对象本身)。就是说a是b的拷贝,b发生变化的时候,不要影响a。
对象拷贝有浅拷贝和深度拷贝两种。
1)浅拷贝
浅拷贝是指对象中基本数据类型得到拷贝,而引用数据类型并未拷贝。
提到拷贝自然和clone联系起来了,所有具有clone功能的类都有一个特性,那就是它直接或间接地实现了Cloneable接口。
否则,我们在尝试调用clone()方法时,将会触发CloneNotSupportedException异常。
eg:
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public class DOG implements Cloneable
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{
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public DOG(String name, int age)
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{
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this .name = name;
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this .age = age;
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}
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public String getName()
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{
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return this .name;
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}
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public int getAge()
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{
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return this .age;
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}
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public Object clone()
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{
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try
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{
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return super .clone();
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} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e)
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{
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return null ;
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}
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}
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public String name;
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private int age;
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// test
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 );
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DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
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dog1.name = " dagou " ;
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System.out.println(dog2.getName());
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System.out.println(dog2.getAge());
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System.out.println(dog1.getName());
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System.out.println(dog1.getAge());
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}
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}
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运行结果:
xiaogou
2
dagou
2
2)深度拷贝
相对浅拷贝。实现对象中基本数据类型和引用数据类型的拷贝。
请先看下面代码:
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class AAA
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{
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public AAA(String name)
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{
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this .name = name;
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}
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public String name;
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}
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class DOG implements Cloneable
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{
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public DOG(String name, int age, AAA birthday)
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{
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this .name = name;
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this .age = age;
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this .birthday = birthday;
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}
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public String getName()
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{
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return name;
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}
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public int getAge()
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{
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return age;
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}
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public AAA getBirthday()
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{
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return birthday;
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}
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public String getBirth(AAA a)
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{
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return a.name;
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}
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public String name;
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private int age;
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public AAA birthday;
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public Object clone()
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{
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try
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{
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super .clone();
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return super .clone();
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} catch (Exception e)
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{
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return null ;
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}
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}
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}
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public class TestClone
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{
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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AAA Day = new AAA( " test " );
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DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 , Day);
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DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
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// dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
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dog1.birthday.name = " 333 " ;
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System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
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System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
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}
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}
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运行结果是:
333
333
而真正要实现拷贝还的加点代码,如下请对比上面和下面代码的异同之处:
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class AAA implements Cloneable
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{
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public AAA(String name)
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{
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this .name = name;
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}
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public Object clone()
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{
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try
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{
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super .clone();
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return super .clone();
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} catch (Exception e)
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{
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return null ;
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}
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}
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public String name;
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}
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class DOG implements Cloneable
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{
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public DOG(String name, int age, AAA birthday)
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{
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this .name = name;
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this .age = age;
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this .birthday = birthday;
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}
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public String getName()
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{
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return name;
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}
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public int getAge()
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{
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return age;
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}
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public AAA getBirthday()
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{
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return birthday;
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}
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public String getBirth(AAA a)
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{
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return a.name;
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}
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public String name;
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private int age;
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public AAA birthday;
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public Object clone()
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{
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try
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{
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super .clone();
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return super .clone();
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} catch (Exception e)
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{
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return null ;
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}
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}
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}
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public class TestClone
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{
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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AAA Day = new AAA( " test " );
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DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 , Day);
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DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
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dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone(); // 特别注意这里
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dog1.birthday.name = " 333 " ;
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System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
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System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
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}
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}
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运行结果:
333
test
这样基本就达到了我们当初的母的。
但是明显的这种方法还是有许多不足,人们总是希望一个clone就是对象直接克隆。而上面还要对对象中的对象递归使用clone。下面提供一种更高级点的做法:
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import java.io. * ;
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class AAA implements Serializable
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{
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public AAA(String name)
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{
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this .name = name;
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}
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public String name;
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}
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class DOG extends SerialCloneable
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{
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public DOG(String name, int age, AAA birthday)
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{
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this .name = name;
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this .age = age;
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this .birthday = birthday;
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}
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public String getName()
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{
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return name;
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}
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public int getAge()
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{
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return age;
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}
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public AAA getBirthday()
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{
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return birthday;
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}
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public String getBirth(AAA a)
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{
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return a.name;
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}
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public String name;
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private int age;
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public AAA birthday;
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public Object clone()
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{
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try
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{
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super .clone();
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return super .clone();
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} catch (Exception e)
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{
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return null ;
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}
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}
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}
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public class TestClone
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{
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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AAA Day = new AAA( " test " );
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DOG dog1 = new DOG( " xiaogou " , 2 , Day);
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DOG dog2 = (DOG) dog1.clone();
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// dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
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dog1.birthday.name = " 333 " ;
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System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
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System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
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}
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}
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class SerialCloneable implements Cloneable, Serializable
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{
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public Object clone()
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{
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try
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{
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ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
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ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(bout);
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out.writeObject( this );
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out.close();
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ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(bout
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.toByteArray());
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ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bin);
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Object ret = in.readObject();
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in.close();
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return ret;
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} catch (Exception e)
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{
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return null ;
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}
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}
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}
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输出:
333
test
上面的代码用序列化与反序列化实现了对象拷贝。比较通用。但是得注意的是其中的类得implements Serializable。
3)后记
我们如果利用强大的反射机制+序列化与反序列化,能做出更加灵活的对象拷贝。有兴趣的朋友可以自行去研究。
我在javaeye上看到一篇短文:http://www.javaeye.com/post/367014 主要讲的就是反射在对象拷贝中的应用。